From: "Mani M. Manivannan" <manim@ix.netcom.com>
From: AppuArchie@aol.com <AppuArchie@aol.com>
To: manim@ix.netcom.com <manim@ix.netcom.com>
Date: Wednesday, April 28, 1999 10:35 AM
 
 

Bharathythasan the Quintessential Tamil.
By AppuArchie (Ramalingam Shanmugalingam)

Kanaka Suppuratnam the Quintessential Tamil of our times was born
on April 29, 1891. He lived a full useful 73 years and during his time he
was better known as  Bharathythasan. He passed away on April 21, 1964. Tamil language is replete with his contributions and so are materials on him authored by many eminent scholars. I was presented with a copy of  'pArati tAcan vAzkky varalARu' - Biography of Bharathythasan by Dr. K. Kiruddinamoorthy - Senior Lecturer Anna Center for Public Affairs, University of Madras when I addressed some students and Faculty of Madras University Chennai recently. I feel strongly that a bold approach to quell such statements as Tamil is not a classical language and is another Sanskrit scion, is long overdue.

A life-threatening situation exists for Tamil and Tamils that will require
all our efforts. As much as I support Tamil Eelam and I would go as far as to call myself an advocate if I was living in Sri Lanka.   Successive Sinhala governments have ignored every Tamil passive reaction to Sinhala government hegemony. Tamils were finally forced to fight for their freedom and that made the Sinhala Government even more ruthless in subduing Tamil desire for freedom. I am convinced, in diaspora, we have to balance providing an acceptable strategy for the understanding of the international community, with the need for Tamil Eelam. I also believe one such strategy would be to elevate Tamil to her natural place among the classics. This will influence some section of the international community to lend a hand to free us from alien stranglehold. And help develop our rich and classical language, ancient culture and proliferate our pure ethnicity.
 

For starters, I present my interpretation of the article, "Tamil Language
Requires a New Lexicon" by Bharathythasan that appeared in the
"Suthesamithran" on May 26, 1914, and reproduced in Bharathythasan Biography by Dr. K. Kriddinamoorthy as annexure 2. The article is Bharathythasan's perspective on the need for Tamil growth in his time and a sample of his effort to praise and preserve Tamil. Naturally, progress is being made and with the cyberspace technology most of Bharathythasan's wish could be achieved sooner than later.
 

[Tamil Language Requires A New Lexicon - Bharathythasan.
Our mother tongue Tamil like Marathi and Bengali has not made much progress in recent times. Neither has Tamil been stagnant to be ashamed of. From time to time, great scholars have appeared among speakers of other languages with the determination and made it their lifework to refine and develop their languages and seek the path to progress.
Tamil Pundits, Super Pundits, Poets, and several others with self-claimed
variety of titles have only increased in mere numbers. We do not see much of their effort in really adding much to the progress of our language.

Approximately half a century earlier, 'jAzppAnham' Sri Arumuga Navalar had examined some of the literature and grammar for errors and tried to remove the cloud over Tamil language of that time. Yet not many great savants have come forward to continue with that task. It has also to be mentioned that although 'makAmakOpAttijAja' U. V. Swaminathayer has researched and published some of the Tamil classics recently, his lone contribution to highlight the rarity and richness of our language is inadequate to be complacent.
 

The much-expected contributions from organizations such as The Madurai Tamil Sangam solely devoted to research and publication of books is a disappointment.  Furthermore, majority of the 'madAtipatikaL' duty-bound to serve Tamil has turned their attention to other matters. Now, when our language is struggling to move forward without leadership, Government news that it has allocated funds to the tune of One Hundred Thousand Rupees (Rupees One Lac) for the compilation of a Lexicon, is somewhat happy news to the public. Unfortunately, there are British clergy with limited Tamil knowledge in this group entrusted with this onerous task, eminent Scholars suspect whether expected benefits would accrue.
 

While this is the situation of our language, our Northern Telugu neighbors are forming competing Academies and Associations to develop their language with enthusiasm. As a result of this effort, a well-managed new daily newspaper is now in the market to fill the void. One would expect our neighbors' enthusiasm to make Tamils feel bad about the matter of our language, but that is not so. Our Tamil Lexicon that is in existence for centuries remain unchanged since production to this day.
If only two words were defined in that Lexicon, today the same word takes more than half a dozen meanings. Even then there does not seem to be anyone having any thoughts about compiling a new book to include the new meanings. E.g. In 'cUdAmanhi', "AkuvE elijin NAmam Am peruccALikkum pEr." 'AkuvE' is a name for rat and also for bandicoot. But today, navel, cat, pig, fan ('cAmary') are four more meanings for 'AkuvE'.  The word 'tuppu' has 6 meanings as expressed in "tuppaRak kURRaN tUjmy anupavap pEr." They are, 'Nej' - ghee,  'Ajutap potu' - weapon sharing, 'aRivu' - knowledge, 'unhavu' - food, 'kuRRac cakAjam' - reduced criminal charges, 'civappu' - red, 'tunhyk kAranham' - supporting reason, 'pAnham' - arrow, 'polivu' - overflow, 'mikuti' - abundance. Twelve more uses for 'tuppu' are also in vogue.

Only twenty-four 'uvamy urupu' - Simile defininers are mentioned there, but in reality more than fifty are in use. There are several other examples. Things as they are, the usefulness and importance of the Lexicon to Tamils need no emphasis. Those who have mastered the Lexicon can be called "Walking Dictionaries." They will without the trouble of referring to any book will give the meaning of a word or give the synonym or antonym for such words standing.
 

There is no parallel to our Tamil language Lexicon in other languages. Is it good for such a rare and famous Lexicon to stagnate and remain the same since inception without including new words and adding the subtle meanings of ancient words? There is no benefits to students even from the Navalar Edition despite some new meanings are included in that edition. Besides, while books on grammar are being updated, is it not necessary to update this Lexicon?
 

Neither Government generosity nor funds are absolutely necessary to undertake this task. If individual savants or associations take the initiative this matter can be accomplished satisfactorily. Is it not a shame that Tamils who desire progress in other matters are unable to modernize their Tamil Lexicon?

Annexure 3 (ibid.)

Dr. Kamil Zvelebil Letter.

Thiru Bhrathy Dasan Avargal
95 Rue De Perumal Kovil
Puduchcheri,  Pondichery

Dear Mahakavi,

I send enclosed herewith an issue of our Novy/New Orient Monthly/
wherein you will find a few copies of CHECH translations of your splendid poems together with a short notes on your life and work.
 

May I ask you kindly arrange for the despatch of your collected works
to me? For me and my students of Tamil it is a must. Your work is undoubtedly the peak of Tamil lyrical poetry in the first half of our century.

Yours sincerely

Dr. Kamil Zvelebil
'tamiz Uzijan'

CESKOSLOVENSKA AKDEMIE VED
ORIENTALNI USTAV
LAZENSKA 4, PRAHAI - MALA STRANA
C tel. 663 -19, 663-9

From: Krishnan <kisna@pacific.net.sg>
 
 

*¿¡ý ­¨½Âò¾¢ø ­¨½óÐ 18 ¾¢í¸û ¬¸¢ÈÐ. ¾Á¢ú ­¨½Âò¾¢ø   À¡÷¨Å¡Ǹ¡¸
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                            ÒÃðº¢ì ¸Å¢»÷ À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºý
 

ÒÃ𺢠±ýÈ¡ø «ÊôÀ¨¼Â¢ø Á¡Ú¾ø ±ÉìÜÈÄ¡õ.¬É¡ø, ­ô§À¡Ð ¦À¡Õû ­Æó¾ ´Õ ¦À¡Ðî ¦º¡øÄ¡¸¢ ÅÕ¸¢ÈÐ. Ò¨ÉÔõ ¦ÅÇ¢ôâîÍõ ÒÃ𺢠±Éô §À¡üÈôÀθ¢ÈÐ.§Á§Ä¡ð¼Á¡É ±ó¾î ¦ºÂÖõ ¯Â÷ Áð¼ò¾¢¨É «¨¼Â ­ÂÄ¡Ð. ºÓ¾¡Âò¾¢ø ¿¢ÄÅ¢Îõ µ÷ ±ñ½§Á¡, ¿¢¸úó¾¢Îõ µ÷ «¨Áô§À¡, ­Âí¸¢Îõ ­Â츧Á¡ ¾ÉÐ ¿¢¨Ä¢ø Ó¾ý¨Á¡¸ ¿¢ýÚ , ¿¢¨ÄÁ¡È¡Áø §À¡Ã¡Ê ¿¢¸úò¾¢Îõ Á¡üÈÓõ Á¡üÈò¾¢üÌì ¸¡Ã½Á¡É ÅƢӨȸ٧Á  ÒÃ𺢠±ÉôÀÎõ.[­ô§À¡Ð ÒûÇ¢ «¨ºó¾¡Öõ, «øÄÐ º¢Ä  §À÷¸û §º÷óÐ «¨ºó¾¡Öõ, «øÄÐ º¢É¢Á¡ «Ãí¸¢ø º¢Ä ¿Ê¸÷¸ÙìÌ Ó¾ø ¸¡ðº¢ìÌ Üð¼õ ÜÊÉ¡Öõ ÒÃ𺢠±Éô Ò¸ú¸¢È¡÷¸û]

  ´Õ Å¢„Âõ «¾ý ÀÆì¸ ÅÆì¸ ¿¢¨Ä¢ĢÕóÐ Á¡üÈõ «¨¼ÅÐõ ,«¾¢Öõ «Ð «Ê§Â¡Î ¾¨Ä¸£ú¿¢¨Ä «¨¼ÔõÀÊ Á¡üÈõ¾¡ý ÒÃ𺢠±ýÚ ÒÃðº¢Â¡Ç ¦Àâ¡÷ ® §Å á Å¢Çì¸õ «Ç¢òÐûÇ¡÷.¾¨Ä¸£ú Á¡È¢Â À¢ýÒõ ¾Ì¾¢ ¯¨¼Â¾¡ö ¾¢¸ú¾¢¼ §ÅñÎõ.
 
  ÒÃ𺢠±ýÈ ¦º¡øÖìÌ Ó,Å ¾Õõ Å¢Çì¸õ : " ÒÃ𺢠±ýÛõ ¦º¡ø¨Ä측ñ§À¡õ. ¦º¡øÖìÌ §¿÷ô¦À¡Õû ÒÃÙ¾ø, Á¡Ú¾ø «¨¼¾ø ±ýÀÐ.«Ãº¦Àâ Á¡Ú¾ÖìÌ «ÊôÀ¨¼Â¡É  º¢Ä ¿¢¸ú¸¨Çì ÌÈ¢ì¸ «î¦º¡ø ÅÆí¸¢Â ¸¡Ã½ò¾¡ø «Ãº¢Âø ¦¾¡¼÷Ò ¦ÀüÚÅ¢ð¼Ð; «¾É¡ø «î¦º¡øÖìÌô ÀÆí¸¡Äò¾¢ø ­øÄ¡¾ ÒЦÀ¡Õû ­ô§À¡Ð ÅÆí̸¢ÈÐ.«ýÈ¢Ôõ «ó¾î¦º¡øÄ¢ý   ´Ä¢Â¢ø ÅøÄ¢Éõ Á¢Ìó¾¢ÕôÀ¾¡ø «Ð Åý¨ÁÂ¡É ¯½÷Լý §º÷óÐ ´Ä¢ìÌõ ¾ý¨Á ¦ÀüÚûÇÐ. "
 
  ¾Á¢Æ¸ò¾¢ø ÍÂÁ⡨¾ ­Âì¸õ §¾¡ýÈ¢Âô ÀÌò¾È¢× ¦¿È¢ì ¸ÕòÐì¸û ÀÃÅò ¦¾¡¼í¸¢Â ¸¡Äò¾¢ø À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºÉ¡Ã¢ý ¯ûÇõ «ó¾ì ¸ÕòÐì¸Ç¢§Ä ¬Æô  À¾¢ó¾Ð.«Å÷ ¸Å¢¨¾¸Ç¢ý ãÄõ ºÓ¾¡Âò¾¢ø ¿¢ÄÅ¢ Åó¾ ÌÕðÎ ¿õÀ¢ì¨¸, ã¼ ÀÆì¸ ÅÆì¸í¸¨ÇÔõ «Øò¾ ¾¢Õò¾Á¡¸ì ¸ñÊò¾¡÷.ÀÌò¾È¢× ¦¿È¢ ¸Õòи¨Ç Á¢¸ò ¾£Å¢ÃÁ¡¸ ÀÃôÀò ¦¾¡¼í¸¢É¡÷.

  À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºý «Ãº¢Âø ¸ñ§½¡ð¼ò¨¾ Å¢ðÎî ºÓ¾¡Â ¿¡ð¼õ ¦¸¡ûžüÌò ¾ýÁ¾¢ôÒ ¸¡Ã½Á¡¸ ­Õó¾¢Õ츢ÈÐ.À¡Ã¾¢Â¡§Ã¡Î ¦¿Õí¸¢ô ÀƸ¢ô À¡¼ø ±Ø¾¢ Åó¾ ¸¡Äò¾¢ø ¸¢¨¼ì¸¡¾ ' ÒÃ𺢠¸Å¢»÷' Àð¼õ ÀÌò¾È¢× ¦¿È¢ì ¸Õòи¨Ç «ïº¡ ¦¿ïºòмý ÀÃôÀò ¦¾¡¼í¸¢Â §À¡Ð¾¡ý Áì¸Ç¡ø  Á¸¢úóÐ ÅÆí¸ôÀð¼Ð. " ÒÃ𺢠¸Å¢»÷ " ±ýÈ¡ø ­ó¾ áüÈ¡ñÊø §ÅÚ Â¡¨ÃÔõ ÌȢ측Áø À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºý ´ÕŨç ÌÈ¢ìÌÁ¡Ú ¾Á¢Æ¢Ä츢 ÅÃÄ¡üÈ¢ø º¢ÈôÀ¢¼õ ¦ÀüÚûÇ¡÷.
 
  À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºý ÒÃðº¢ì ¸Å¢»Ã¡¸ Á¡È¢Â¾üÌî ºÓ¾¡ÂÓõ    ­Ä츢ÂÓõ «ÊôÀ¨¼Â¡¸ ­Õó¾É ±ÉÄ¡õ.ÀÌò¾È¢× ­öì¸õ º¢ÄÕìÌî     ºÓ¾¡Âô À¡÷¨Å¡¸ Á¡È¢ÂÐ. ­§¾ ÀÌò¾È¢× ­Ä츢Âô  À¢üô À𨼠¾£ðÊüÚ. ' À¢¦ÃïÍ ¬ðº¢Â¢ý ¸£úÕó¾ ÒÐâ¢ý À¢ÃïÍ ¸øÅ¢Ôõ ,¸¡ó¾¢Âʸû ­ó¾¢Â Ţξ¨Ä §À¡Ã¡ð¼Óõ, ºÓ¾¡Âî º¢ó¨¾§Â¡Î À¡Ê «îºÁ¢øÄ¡ô À¡Ã¾¢Â¢ý ¾¡ì¸Óõ ­ýȢ¨Á¡¾¾¡¸ ­Õó¾Ð.«òмý ­Ä츢Âò¨¾ ­¾üÌ ÀÂý ÀÎò¾¢ì¦¸¡ñ¼¡÷. ±É§Å À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºý ­Ä츢 ÌÃ¨Ä , Áì¸¨Ç §¿¡ì¸¢, ºÓ¾¡Âò¨¾ §¿¡ì¸¢ ±ØôÀ¢É¡÷. «Ð ºóÐ ¦À¡óиǢø ±¾¢¦Ã¡Ä¢òÐ.«Ð§Å ´Õ ÒÃðº¢Â¡ÇḠ­Å¨Ã Á¡üÈ¢ÂÐ.

  ´Õ ¿øÄ ¸Å¢»É¡ø, ´Õ ±Øò¾¡ÇÉ¡ø ­ó¾ ºÓ¾¡Âò¨¾ Á¡üÈ ÓÊÔõ, À¡¾¢ô¨À , Á¡üÈò¾¢¨É ²üÀÎò¾ ÓÊÔõ ±ýÀ¾üìÌ " ÒÃ𺢠¸Å¢»÷ À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºý " µ÷ ±ÎòÐì ¸¡ðÎ.

    " ¾¡úÅ¢ø¨Ä     ¯Â÷Å¢ø¨Ä
       ºÁ¦ÁýÈ       ¿¢¨ÄÅó¾¡ø
       Å¡ú¦Åø¨Ä  ¸¡ñ§À¡ÁÊ "

 Á£ñÎõ Å¡öôÒ «¨Áó¾¡ø §ÅÚ ´Õ §¸¡½ò¾¢ø º¢ó¾¢ì¸Ä¡õ.
 
«ýÒ¼ý,
¸¢Õ‰½ý
kisna@pacific.net.sg

From: "Mani M. Manivannan" <manim@ix.netcom.com>

Subject: [tamil] pAvEndar '99 - Prof. Re. Ka. on Puratchi Kavi
Status:

¦ºýÈ ¬ñÎ À¡§Åó¾÷ Ţơ×ìÌ, §ÀẢâÂ÷ ¦Ã.¸¡÷¾¢§¸Í «Å÷¸û ±Ø¾¢Â ¸ðΨè Á£ñÎõ ¯í¸ÙìÌ ÅÆí̸¢§Èý:

¾Á¢Æ÷ ±ØìÌ «ô§À¡Ð ­íÌ §Á¨¼§¾¡Úõ ÀÂýÀÎò¾ô Àð¼ÐÀ¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºÉ¡Ã¢ý À¡¼ø¸û¾¡ý. «¾¢Öõ ¦ÀÕõÀ¡Öõ ¯¼Ö¨ÆôÒò ¦¾¡Æ¢Ä¡Ç÷¸Ç¡¸ ­Õó¾ ¾Á¢Æ÷¸ÙìÌ "ÒÃðº¢ì ¸Å¢Â¢ø" ÅÕõ ¯¾¡ÃÉ¢ý ¦¸¡¨Äì¸Ç ÓÆì¸õ ¾¢ÃõÀò ¾¢ÕõÀî ¦º¡øÄôÀðÎ ¯½÷ ²üÈôÀÎõ. «¾É¡ø ±ÉìÌ ­ó¾ Åâ¸û ÁÉôÀ¡¼õ:
 

        §ÀÃýÒ ¦¸¡ñ¼Å§Ã ¦Àâ§Â¡§Ã ±ý
        ¦ÀüȾ¡öÁ¡§Ã ¿ø ­Çï º¢í¸í¸¡û
        ¿£§Ã¡¨¼ ¿¢Äí¸¢Æ¢ì¸ ¦¿Î ÁÃí¸û
        ¿¢¨ÈóÐ ¦ÀÕõ ¸¡¼¡ì¸ô ¦ÀÕÅ¢ÄíÌ
        §¿§Ã¡Î Å¡úó¾¢Õì¸ô ÀÕì¨¸ì ¸øÄ¢ý
        ¦¿ÎíÌýÈ¢ø À¢Ä狀Ãô À¡õÒì Üð¼õ
        §À¡Ã¡Îõ À¡ú¿¢Äò¨¾ «ó¾ ¿¡Ç¢ø
        ÒÐ츢ÂÅ÷ ¡÷ «ÆÌ ¿¸Õñ¼¡ì¸¢?
 

Áġ¡Ţý ¸ýÉ¢ì ¸¡Î¸¨Ç «Æ¢òÐ ÃôÀ÷ §¾¡ð¼í¸û «¨Áòк¢üê÷¸Ùõ §Àå÷¸Ùõ «¨Á ÅÆ ÅÌòÐì ¦¸¡Îò¾ Áġ¡ò ¾Á¢Æ÷¸Ç¢ý Å¡ú쨸Լý ¦º¡øÖìÌî ¦º¡ø ¦À¡Õóи¢ýÈ
«üÒ¾ Åâ¸û.
 

­ó¾ô ÒÃðº¢ì ¸Å¢¨Â ­ô§À¡Ð ±ÎòÐ ÀÊòÐô À¡÷ìÌõ §À¡Ð º¢Ä ¸Õòиû §¸ûÅ¢¸û ÅÕ¸¢ýÈÉ.
 

´Õ ¿øÄ ¾Á¢úì ¸Å¢»¨É ¯ÕÅ¡ì¸ ­Å÷ ²ý "À¢ø†½£Âõ" ±ÉÛõż¦Á¡Æ¢ á¨Äò ¾ØŢɡ÷? ­¨¾ò ¾É¢Â¡¸§Å ¾Á¢úì¸Å¢¨¾Â¡¸ ¯Õš츢¢Õì¸Ä¡õ. ­Åý ÓØì¸ ÓØì¸ò ¾Á¢Æ¢ý ¯Â÷¨Åô §ÀÍõ
¾Á¢úìjÅ¢»ý. ÁýÉý ­Å¨É «¨ÆòÐ Á¸ÙìÌì ¸Å¢ ¸üÚì ¦¸¡Îì¸î ¦º¡øÖõ§À¡Ð ܼ "¨Àó¾Á¢úìÌò ¦¾¡ñÎ ¦ºÂì ¸¼§Å¡õ" ±ýÚ¾¡ý ÜÚ¸¢È¡ý.
 

­ó¾ì ¸¨¾¨Â ¸Å¢¨¾¨Â À¡§Åó¾÷ ÓüÈ¡¸ ºÓ¾¡Â Ţξ¨ÄìÌõ, ÁýÉá𺢠±¾¢÷ôÒìÌõ ÅÕ½¡îº¢Ã ±¾¢÷ôÒÁ¡¸  ÀÂý ÀÎò¾¢ì ¦¸¡ñ¼¡÷. ¬É¡ø ­¾ý ¿Î§Å ¸¡¾Öõ º¢Õí¸¡ÃÓõ «Æ̽÷Ôõ
«üÒ¾Á¡¸ ÅóÐ ¿¢ü¸¢ýÈÉ.
 

        ¿£ÄÅ¡ý ¬¨¼ìÌû ¯¼ø Á¨Èò§¾
        ¿¢Ä¦ÅýÚ ¸¡ðθ¢ýÈ¡ö ´Ç¢Ó¸ò¨¾
        §¸¡ÄÓØÐõ ¸¡ðÊ Å¢ð¼¡ø ¸¡¾ø
        ¦¸¡û¨Ç¢§Ä ­ù×ĸõ º¡§Á¡? Å¡Éî
        §º¡¨Ä¢§Ä âò¾ ¾É¢ôâ§Å¡ ¿£¾¡ý
        ¦º¡ì¸ ¦ÅûÇ¢ô À¡ü¸¼§Á¡ «Ó¾ °ü§È¡!
        ¸¡¨Ä Åó¾ ¦ºõÀÕ¾¢ì ¸¼Ä¢ø ãú¸¢ì
        ¸ÉøÁ¡È¢ì ÌǢè¼ó¾ ´Ç¢ô À¢Æõ§À¡!
 
«Æ¸¡É ­Âü¨¸ ÅÕ½¨Éô À¡¼ø. "¸¡¾ø ¦¸¡û¨Ç" ±ùÅÇ× «üÒ¾Á¡É ¦º¡øÄ¡¼ø À¡Õí¸û. ¸¡¾ø ¦¸¡û¨Ç§¿¡Â¡¸ ÅóÐ ¯Ä¸ò¨¾î º¡¸Ê츢ýȾ¡? «øÄÐ ¦¸¡û¨ÇÂÊòÐì ¦¸¡ñÎ §À¡¸¢È¾¡?
­ÃñÎõ ºÃ¢¾¡ý. ­¨Å¾¡õ ¸Å¢»É¢ý ¦ÅøÖõ ¦º¡ü¸û.
 

¬É¡ø À¢ýÉ÷ ­ó¾ ÁýÉý ­Å÷¸Ç¢ý ¸¡¾¨Ä ÁÚìÌõ§À¡Ð «¨¾ ¿¡øÅÕ½í¸¨Çî º¡¼×õ À¢Ã¡Á½÷ ±¾¢÷ôÒìÌõ ÀÂýÀÎò¾¢ì ¦¸¡ûÙ¸¢È¡÷. «§¾¡Î ¦¾¡Æ¢Ä¡Ç÷ ¦ÀÕ¨Á ÜÈ¢ «Å÷¸ÙìÌõ  ±Ø Ôñ¼¡ìÌÈ¡÷. ´Õ ÓÊ¡ðº¢Â¢ý ¸£ú ­ÕìÌõ ¸Å¢»ý ¦À¡Ð×¼¨Á (¸¡ÓÉ¢º, ÉÂô ¦À¡Ð×¼¨Á ­Âì¸ò¾¢ø À¡§Åó¾÷ ¾£Å¢Ã ®ÎÀ¡Î ¦¸¡ñ¼Å÷) Áì¸Ç¡ðº¢ ÀüÈ¢¦ÂøÄ¡õ §Àº¢ ¦ÅÙòÐì ¸ðθ¢È¡ý.
«Åý §ÀÍžüÌ Óý «ÃºÌÁ¡Ã¢§Â §À͸¢È¡û:
 

        ±¨ÅÔõ ¿õ¨Áô À¢Ã¢ì¸Å¢ø¨Ä ­ýÀõ ¸ñ§¼¡õ
        ­ÈôÀ¾¢Öõ ´ýÈ¡§É¡õ «¿£¾¢ ¦ºö¾
        ¿¨ÅÔ¨¼Â ÁýÛìÌ ¿¡ðÎ Áì¸û
        ¿üÀ¡¼õ ¸üÀ¢Â¡ ¾¢ÕôÀ¾¢ø¨Ä.
 

­Åû ­ôÀÊ ±ÎòÐì ¦¸¡Îò¾×¼ý ¸Å¢»ý ±ýÉ §À¡Î §À¡Î¸¢È¡ý À¡Õí¸û ("¸ñ½¢ý ¸¨¼ô À¡÷¨Å..." ¿¢¨É× Ü÷¸):
 

        «ÃºÛìÌõ ±Éì̦Á¡Õ ÅÆìÌñ¼¡¸
        «ùÅÆ쨸ô ¦À¡Ð Áì¸û ¾£÷ôÀ§¾¾¡ý
        ºÃ¢¦Âý§Èý ´ôÀÅ¢ø¨Ä...
 

±ó¾ì ¸¡Äò¾¢ø «ÃºÛìÌõ À¢Ã¨ƒìÌõ ²üÀð¼ ÅÆ쨸 ¦À¡ÐÁì¸û ¾£÷ìÌõ ÅÆì¸õ ­Õó¾¢Õ츢ÈÐ? §ÁÖõ:
 

        ´ÕÁÉ¢¾ý §¾¨Å째 ­ó¾ò §¾ºõ
        ¯ñ¦¼ýÈ¡ø «ò§¾ºõ ´Æ¢¾ø ¿ýÈ¡õ
 

±ýÚõ ¦º¡øÖ¸¢È¡ý. «ôÒÈõ «Å÷¸Ù¨¼Â ¾Á¢Ø½÷¨ÂÔõ àñÊ Å¢Î¸¢È¡ý:
 

        ¾Á¢ÆȢ󾾡ø §Åó¾ý ±¨É «¨Æò¾¡ý
        ¾Á¢úì¸Å¢ ¦Âý鬃 «ÅÙõ ¸¡¾Ä¢ò¾¡û
        «Ó¦¾ýÚ ¦º¡øÖÁ¢ó¾ò ¾Á¢ú ±ýÉ¡Å¢
        «Æ¢Å¾üÌì ¸¡Ã½Á¡ ¢Õó¾ ¦¾ýÚ
        ºÓ¾¡Âõ ¿¢¨Éò¾¢Î§Á¡ ³Â§¸¡ ±ý
        ¾¡ö¦Á¡Æ¢ìÌô ÀÆ¢Åó¾¡ø º¸¢ôÀ Ðñ§¼¡!
 

­¨¾ò ¾Á¢ú ¿¡Î «øÄ¡¾ ­ý¦É¡Õ ¿¡ðÊø ¦º¡øĢ¢Õó¾¡ø ºÃ¢. ¬É¡ø ¾Á¢ú ¿¡ðÊø ¾Á¢ú ¿¡ðÎì ¸Å¢»§É ²ý ¦º¡øÄ §ÅñÎõ? À¡§Åó¾÷  ¯ûÇò¾¢ø «Å÷ ¸¡Äò¾¢Â ¿¢¨Ä¨Á¾¡ý ­Õ츢ÈÐ. À¡Ã¾¿¡ðÊø
¾Á¢ú ¾¡úò¾ô Àð¼ ¦Á¡Æ¢§À¡ø ¿¼ò¾ô ÀÎŨ¾ ±ñ½¢ì ¦¸¡ñÎ
¯¾¡ÃÛìÌ ÅºÉõ ±Øи¢È¡÷.
 

«ôÒÈõ «ÃºÌÁ¡Ã¢Â¢ý Å¡öìÌûÙõ ¦º¡ü¸¨Çô §À¡Î¸¢È¡ý:
 

        «Ãºý Á¸û ¾ý¿¡Ç¢ø Ìʸð¦¸øÄ¡õ
        ¬Ùâ¨Á ¦À¡ÐÅ¡ì¸ ¿¢¨Éò¾¢Õó¾¡û
 

±ó¾ ¿¡ðÊø ÓÊ¡ðº¢ô ÀÃõÀ¨Ã¢ø Åó¾ ´Õò¾¢ ¾¡É¡¸ Áì¸ÙìÌ «¾¢¸¡Ãò¨¾Ôõ ¦ºøÅò¨¾Ôõ À¸Ã¢÷ó¾Ç¢ò¾¢Õ츢ȡ§Ç¡ ¦¾Ã¢ÂÅ¢ø¨Ä. ­í¸¢Ä¡óÐ, À¢Ã¡ýÍ, É¡, º£É¡ ±í¸Ïõ Áì¸û ±ØóÐ Ãò¾ì
¸¢Ç÷ Àñ½¢Â À¢È̾¡ý Áì¸Ç¡ðº¢ Åó¾¢Õ츢ÈÐ.
 

­ôÀÊ §¸ð§À¡Ã¢ý Áɨ¾ ¯½÷¸¨Ç Å¢Ãø Å¢ðÎ ¬ðÊÅ¢ð¼ À¢ý ÒÃ𺢠ÐÅí¸¢ Áì¸Ç¡ðº¢ ÁÄ÷¸¢ÈÐ ±É ¸¨¾ Óʸ¢ÈÐ.
 

À¡§Åó¾÷ ¾õÓ¨¼Â ¸ÕòÐì¸¨Ç Áì¸ÙìÌî ¦º¡øÄ ­ó¾ «Æ¸¢Â À¨Æ Òὸ¡ÄòÐì ¸¡¾ø ¸¨¾¨Â ´Õ ¸ÕŢ¡¸ô ÀÂý ÀÎò¾¢ì ¦¸¡ñ¼¡÷ ±ýÚ¾¡ý ¦º¡øÄ §ÅñÎõ. «¨¾ ­ò¾¨É ¸õÀ£ÃÁ¡É «Æ̽÷Ôõ ţà ¯½÷Ôõ Á¢ì¸ ¸Å¢¨¾Â¡¸î ¦º¡ýÉ¡§Ã «Ð ¾Á¢ØìÌì ¸¢¨¼ò¾ §ÀÚ.

¾¢Ã¡Å¢¼ì ¸Æ¸ò¾¡Ã¢ý À¢ý¿¡¨Ç ¦º¡øÅý¨ÁìÌ «Ê¨ÁòÐì  ¦¸¡Îò¾Å÷¸Ç¢ø Ó츢ÂÁ¡ÉÅ÷ À¡§Åó¾÷. «ó¾ò ¾ý¨Á¸Ç¢ý¦ÅÇ¢ôÀ¡ð¨¼ò¾¡ý "ÒÃðº¢ì ¸Å¢Â¢ø" À¡÷츢ý§È¡õ.

¦Ã.¸¡.

From: "Mani M. Manivannan" <manim@ix.netcom.com>

À¡§Åó¾÷ 'ÒÃðº¢ì¸Å¢' ÌÚí¸¡ôÀ¢Âõ 'À¢ø¸½£Âõ' ±ýÈ Å¼¦Á¡Æ¢ á¨Äò ¾ØÅ¢ ±Ø¾¢ÂÐ ±ýÚ ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢ðÊÕ츢ȡ÷.  Ó¨ÉÅ÷ ¸É¸ºÀ¡À¾¢ ¾ý ¬ö×ì¸ðΨâø(1), 'À¢ø¸½£Âõ' ±ýÈ ¦º¡øÄ¢ý '®Âõ' ±ýÈ Å¢Ì¾¢ ¾Á¢Ø째 ¯Ã¢ò¾¡ÉÐ ±ýÚõ, 'À¢ø¸½£Âõ' ±ýÈ ¦ÀÂâø ż¦Á¡Æ¢ áø ²Ðõ ­ø¨Ä ±ý¸¢È¡÷.  ¸¡‰Á£Ãô ÒÄÅý À¢ø†½ ±ýÀÅý ­ÂüÈ¢Â'¦ºªÃÀﺡ…¢¸' (Caurapancasika) ±ýÈ á¨Äò ¾¡ý À¡§Åó¾÷
À¢ø¸½£Âõ ±ýÚ ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢Î¸¢È¡÷ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ ¸É¸ºÀ¡À¾¢.

À¢ø¸½£Âõ ¿Á즸øÄ¡õ ¦¾Ã¢ó¾ «õÀ¢¸¡À¾¢-«Áអ ¸¨¾§À¡ø ­Õ츢ÈÐ.  À¡ÅÄý ´ÕÅý, «Ãº¢ÇíÌÁâìÌ ¸üÀ¢ì¸ ÅÕ¸¢È¡ý. ­ÕÅÕõ ¸¡¾ø ¦¸¡ûÅ¡÷¸§Ç¡ ±ýÈﺢ, «¨ÁîºÕõ, ÁýÉÕõ
­ÕÅÕìÌõ ­¨¼Â¢ø ¾¢¨Ã Ţâ츢ȡ÷¸û.  À¡ÅÄý ÌÕ¼¦ÉýÚ «Ãº¢ÇíÌÁ⢼Óõ, ­ÇÅú¢ ¦¾¡Ø§¿¡Â¡Ç¢ ±ýÚ À¡ÅÄÉ¢¼Óõ ¦À¡ö ÜÚ¸¢È¡÷¸û.  ­ó¾ò¾¨¼¸¨ÇÔõ ¸¼óÐ ­ÕÅÕõ ¸¡¾ø
¦¸¡û¸¢È¡÷¸û. ¸¡¾Ä¢§Ä ÁÄ÷¸¢ÈÐ ¸Å¢»É¢ý ³õÀÐ À¡¼ø¸û. À¢ýÒ «Ãºý ¸Å¢»¨É ±îºÃ¢ì¸¢È¡ý ¸¡¾¨Ä쨸ŢÎõÀÊ. §ÁÖõ ´Õ ³õÀÐ ¸¡¾ø À¡¼ø¸û ¯ÕÅ¡¸¢ýÈÉ.  ¸Å¢»¨É «Ãºý
¾ñÊ츢ȡý.  ¦¸¡¨Äì¸Çò¾¢ø ¸¡¾Ä÷¸û ­ÈôÀ¢ø ´ýÚ §º÷¸¢È¡÷¸û.

­ó¾ì¸¨¾ À¾¢§É¡Ã¡õ áüÈ¡ñÊø, ¸¡‰Á£Ãò¾¢ø ¯ÕÅ¡¸¢Â¢Õó¾ §À¡¾¢Öõ, ¦¾ýɸòÐìÌ ÅÕõ§À¡Ð, ¸¨¾Â¢ý ÓÊ× Á¡È¢Å¢Î¸¢ÈÐ. ¸¡¾Ä÷¸¨Ç ¯Â¢÷Å¡Æ ¨Å츢ÈÐ ¦¾ýÉ¸ì ¸¨¾.  ¿¡ðÎ츨¾Â¡¸
ÅÆí¸¢ Åó¾ ­ó¾ì¸¨¾, Á½¢ì¦¸¡Ê º¢Ú¸¨¾ ±Øò¾¡Ç÷¸Ç¡ø, Á£ñÎõ ¾Á¢Æ¸òÐìÌ «È¢Ó¸Á¡¸¢ÈÐ.  ÒШÁôÀ¢ò¾É¢ý 'À¢ø†½ý' ±ýÈ ¿¡¼¸Óõ, «§¾ §Àâø Åó¾ ¾¢¨ÃôÀ¼Óõ, ¿¡ðÎ츨¾¨Âò
¾ØÅ¢ Åó¾¨Å.  ¾Á¢Æ¢ø À¢ø¸½£Âõ ±ýÈ ¸¨¾§Â¡, ¸¡ôÀ¢Â§Á¡ ­Õó¾¾üÌî º¡ýÈ¢ø¨Ä ±ý¸¢È¡÷ ¸É¸ºÀ¡À¾¢. ¬¸§Å, ¿¡ðÎì ¸¨¾¸Ç¢Ä¢Õóо¡ý À¡§Åó¾÷ ¾ý ÌÚí¸¡ôÀ¢Âò¨¾ ¯Õš츢 ­Õì¸ìÜÎõ.  ­ø¨Ä§Âø À¡§Åó¾÷ ż¦Á¡Æ¢ áÄ¢ý ¦À¨ç ('¦ºªÃÀﺡ…¢¸' «øÄÐ '¾¢Õ¼É¢ý ³õÀÐ À¡¼ø¸û' ) ¾ÉÐ
¸Å¢¨¾Â¢ø ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢ðÊÕôÀ¡÷.

À¡§Åó¾÷ ¸üÀ¨É¢ø ­ó¾ì ¸¡¾ø ¸¡ôÀ¢Âõ, ÒÃ𺢠ÅʦÅÎ츢ÈÐ. ÓÊÅ¢ø ¸¡¾Ä÷¸û ­¨½¸¢È¡÷¸û.  «Ãºý «Ã¢Â¨½¨Âò ÐÈ츢ȡý. ÌÊÂÃÍ ¯ÕÅ¡¸¢ÈÐ.  À¢Ã¡õÁ½ì ¸Å¢»ý À¢ø¸½ý, ÒÃðº¢ì¸Å¢
¯¾¡ÃÉ¡¸¢È¡ý. ¿¡üÌÄô À¢Ã¢¨Å ±¾¢÷òÐô À¡Î¸¢È¡ý.  ż¿¡ðÎ ­ÇÅú¢ ¡Á¢É¢ â÷½¾¢Ä¸¡, ¾Á¢Æ¢ø «Ó¾ÅøĢ¡¸¢È¡û.  ÁýÉý Á¾É¡À¢Ã¡õ, ¦ÀÂâøÄ¡Á§Ä §À¡¸¢È¡ý!  ż¦Á¡Æ¢ôÀ¡¼ø, ­ÇÅú¢Â¢ý
¯ûÇí¸ÅÕõ ¯ÕÅò¨¾ ¸¡Áõ ¦º¡ð¼î ¦º¡ð¼ôÀ¡Î¸¢ÈÐ.  À¡§Åó¾Ã¢ý ¸¡¾Ä÷¸§Ç¡ ¸¡Áò¨¾ì ¸¼ó¾Å÷¸û!

      " ¿£ÄÅ¡ý ¬¨¼ìÌû ¯¼ø Á¨Èò§¾
        ¿¢Ä¦ÅýÚ ¸¡ðθ¢ýÈ¡ö ´Ç¢Ó¸ò¨¾"

±ýÚ ¸Å¢»ý À¡Î¸¢È¡ý.  ­ÇÅú¢§Â¡ 'ŢƢ «üÈÅɡ¢ý, ¿¢Ä¡Å¢¨É ±ùÅ¢¾õ À¡÷ò¾Éý, À¡ÊÉý' ±ýÚ Å¢ÂóÐ ¾¢¨Ã¨Â Å¢Ç츢ò ¾ý ¾¡Á¨Ãì ¸ñ½¡ø ¸Å¢»¨Éì ¸¡ñ¸¢È¡û.  'µÐÁ¨ÄìÌÄõ §À¡Ä§Å «Åý µí¸¢Â §¾¡û¸¨Ç'ì ¸¡ñ¸¢È¡û.

   "²¾¢Ð §À¡ýÈ µÃ¡ñ ±Æ¢ø ̨È
        ­ýÈ¢ò ¾¢Õò¾¢Â º¢ò¾¢Ãõ?
    §º¡¾¢ ¿¢Ä¡×ìÌõ Á¡Íñ¼¡õ - ­î
        Íó¾Ã§É¡ ¸¨È ´ýȢġý!"

±ýÚ Å¢Â츢ȡû.  «ó¾ ²ó¾¢¨Æ ¾ý¦É¾¢÷ ¿¢ýȨ¾ì ¸ñÎ ¾ý¨É ÁÈ츢ȡý À¡ÅÄý.

   "±ýÉ Å¢ÂôÀÐ? Å¡É¢§Ä ­Õó
        ¾¢ð¼§¾¡÷ Á¡Á¾¢ Áí¨¸Â¡ö
     ±ý¦É¾¢§Ã ÅóÐ Å¡öò¾§¾¡? ÒÅ¢ì
        §¸Ð §À¡¦Ä¡Õ ¾ñ¦½¡Ç¢!
     Á¢ýÉü ÌÄò¾¢ø Å¢¨Ç󾧾¡? Å¡ý
         Å¢øÄ¢ý ÌÄò¾¢ü À¢È󾧾¡?
     ¸ýÉüÈÁ¢úì ¸Å¢Å¡½Ã¢ý ¯Çì
        ¸üÀ¨É§Â ¯Õô¦Àüȧ¾¡?
    ¦À¡ýÉ¢ý ¯Õ츢ü ¦À¡Ä¢ó¾§¾¡? ´Õ
        âí¦¸¡Ê§Â¡? ÁÄ÷ìÜð¼§Á¡?"

±ýÚ À¡Î¸¢È¡ý À¡ÅÄý. ­¾¢ø ¸¡Áõ ­ø¨Ä, ¸¡¾ø ¯ñÎ!

   "¸¡Ã¢ÕÇ¡ø ÝâÂý ¾¡ý Á¨ÈÅÐñ§¼¡?
        ¸¨ÈüÈ¡ø ¾¡Á¨Ã¢ý Å¡ºõ §À¡§Á¡?
    §À¦Ã¾¢÷ôÀ¡ø ¯ñ¨Á¾¡ý ­ý¨Á¡§Á¡?
        À¢È÷Ýú ¦ºó¾Á¢¨Æ «Æ¢ôÀÐñ§¼¡?
    §¿÷ ­Õò¾¢ò ¾£÷ôÒ¨ÃòÐî º¢¨È¢ø §À¡ð¼¡ø
        ¿¢¨È¦¾¡Æ¢Ä¡Ç÷¸û ¯½÷× Á¨ÈóÐ §À¡§Á¡?
    º£ÃƧ¸! ¾£ó¾Á¢§Æ! ¯¨É ±ý ¸ñ¨½ò
        ¾¢¨Ã¢ðÎ Á¨Èò¾¡÷¸û!"

±ý¸¢È¡ý!  ¾Á¢úôÀüÚõ, ¦¾¡Æ¢Ä¡Çâ¼õ «ýÒõ ­¾¢ø ÒÄôÀθ¢ÈÐ. ż¦Á¡Æ¢ áÄ¢ý ¸¡Áúò¨¾ì ¸¡§½¡õ!  ¸¡¾¨Ä ¸ñÎ

   "¦¸¡üÈÅý ¦ÀüÈ ÌÄ즸¡Ê¨Âì ¸Å¢
        ¸ü¸ ¯ýÀ¡ø Å¢Îò§¾ý - «¼!
     ÌüÈõ Òâó¾¨É¡ ­ø¨Ä¡ ­¨¾
        ÁðÎõ ¯¨ÃòРŢÎ!"

±ýÚ º£Ú¸¢È¡ý ÁýÉý.  À¡Åħɡ,

   "Á¡Á¢ø ¸ñÎ Á¸¢úó¾¡Îõ Ó¸¢ø
        Å¡÷ìÌõ Á¨Ä¿¡¼¡! ÌüÈõ
    ¬õ ±ýÚ ¿£Ô¨Ãò¾¡ø ÌüȧÁ! ÌüÈõ
        «ý¦ÈÉ¢ø «ùÅ¢¾§Á!
    §¸¡Á¸û ±ý¨Éì ̨È¢Ãó¾¡û «Åû
        ¦¸¡û¨Ç ÅÉôÀ¢É¢§Ä ±¨Éì
    ¸¡ÁÛõ ¾ûÇ¢¼ì ¸¡Ä¢¼È¢üÚì
        ¸Å¢úó¾ Åñ½õ Å£úó§¾ý!
    ÀÆÌõ ­ÕðÊø ¿¡É¢Õó§¾ý ±¾¢÷
        À¡ø ¿¢Äš¢Ãõ §À¡ø «Åû
    «ÆÌ ¦ÅÇ¢îºõ «Êò¾¦¾ý§Áø
        «Ê§Âý ¦ºö¾¦¾¡ýÚÁ¢ø¨Ä"

±ý¸¢È¡ý.  ÁýÉý º¢¨Ä¢¨¼ ­Å¨É ¨ÅòÐî º¢Ã¾õ Ò⸱ýÚ ¬¨½Â¢Î¸¢È¡ý. 'Á¨Ä¢¨Éô À¢Çó¾¢Îõ ºò¾òмý' ÅÕ¸¢È¡û «Ó¾ÅøÄ¢.  '­ø¨Ä ¯ÉìÌ «¾¢¸¡Ãõ' ±ý¸¢È¡û. '´ÕÅÛõ ´Õò¾¢ÔÁ¡ö ÁÉõ ¯Åó¾¢Êø À¢¨Æ¦ÂýÚ ¯¨ÃôÀÐñ§¼¡ «Ã¦ºÉ ´Õ º¡¾¢ «¾ü¸Â¦ÄÉ §Å¦È¡Õ º¡¾¢Ôñ§¼¡?" ±ýÚ
ÀüÀÄ ¦º¡ø šɢʦÂÉ ¯¨ÃòÐ ¿¨¸ôÒ¼ý À¡ÅĨÉì ¦¸¡¨Äì¸Çò¾¢Ä¢ÕóРŢÎŢ츢ȡû!

ÁýÉÉ¡ Å¢ÎÅ¡ý?

   "¿¡¨Â ­ØòÐô  ÒÈõ Å¢ÎôÀ£÷ - ¦¸ð¼
        ¿¡¨Å «ÚòÐò ¦¾¡¨ÄìÌ Óý§É! ­ó¾ô
    §À¢¨É ¿¡ý ¦ÀüÈ ¦Àñ¦½¦É§Å ¦º¡øÖõ
        §À ÁÈó¾¢¼î ¦º¡øÄ¢ÎÅ£÷"

±ý¸¢È¡ý.  ­§¾ ¸¨¾¨Â ±ò¾¨Éò ¾¢¨ÃôÀ¼ò¾¢Öõ §¿Ã¢Öõ ¿¡õ À¡÷ò¾¢Õ츢§È¡õ!  ­ó¾ ÅÆį̀Ãô À¡ðÊÄ¢ø¾¡ý ÅÕ¸¢ÈÐ ´Õ ¯½÷ô À¡¼ø:

        §ÀÃýÒ ¦¸¡ñ¼Å§Ã ¦Àâ§Â¡§Ã ±ý
        ¦ÀüȾ¡öÁ¡§Ã ¿ø ­Çï º¢í¸í¸¡û

±ýÚ ÐÅíÌõ ­ó¾ô À¡¼ø, 'ƒ¥Ä¢ÂŠ º£…÷' ¿¡¼¸ò¾¢ø Á¡÷ì ¬ý¼É¢Â¢ý "Friends, Romans, Countrymen" ±ýÚ
ÐÅíÌõ §ÀîÍìÌ ­¨½Â¡ÉÐ ±ýÀ¡÷ §ÀẢâÂ÷ Á¨ÈÁ¨Ä. '«ÃºÛ째¡ «¾¢¸¡Ãõ ¯í¸Ù째¡?' ±ýÚ Áì¸û ÁýÈòÐìÌ Å¢ñ½ôÀ¢ì¸¢È¡ý.

   "²Á¡ó¾ ¸¡Äò¾¢ø ²üÈõ ¦¸¡ñ§¼¡ý
        ÒÄ¢§Å„õ §À¡Î¸¢ýÈ¡ý! ¦À¡Ð Áì¸ðÌ
            ÒøÄÇ× Á¾¢ôÒõ ¾Õ¸¢ýÈ¡É¡?"

±ýÚõ

   "º¢Ãõ «Úò¾ø §Åó¾ÛìÌô ¦À¡ØÐ §À¡ìÌõ
        º¢È¢Â ¸¨¾! ¿Á즸øÄ¡õ ¯Â¢Ã¢ý Å¡¨¾"

±ýÚ ÁýÉáðº¢Â¢ý ­Æ¢Å¢¨É ±ÎòÐìÜÚ¸¢È¡ý! ­ô§À¡Ð Áì¸Ç¡ðº¢Â¢Öõ ­ó¾ «¿£¾¢ ¿¼ì¸¢ÈÐ ±ýÈ¡Öõ, ÒÃðº¢ì¸Å¢Â¢ý Áì¸û ¦¸¡¾¢ò¦¾ØóÐ ¬½Å측à «Ãº¨É «¸üÈ¢ÂЧÀ¡ø ¾Á¢ú¿¡ðÎ Áì¸Ùõ, «¿£¾¢ «Ã͸¨ÇôÒÈ츽¢ôÀ¡÷¸û ±ýÚ ¿õҧšõ!

¬¾¡Ãõ:

Essay 8: Bharatidasan's Revolutionary Poet and Bilhana legend
by  Dr. C. Kanagasabapathy, Emeritus Fellow, Madurai University
in "Bharatidasan Critical perspectives", April 1991
Eds. V. Sachithanandan, T. Vaithamanithy, T. Murugarathanam,
            and R. Kanchana,
Dept. of Tamil Studies, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai., Rs. 40.

«ýÒ¼ý,

Á½¢ Ó. Á½¢Åñ½ý
À¢Ã¢Á¡ýð, ¸Ä¢., «.Ü.¿¡.

Á½¢ Ó. Á½¢Åñ½ý
À¢Ã¢Á¡ýð, ¸Ä¢., «.Ü.¿¡.
 
 

(¦ºýÈ ¬ñÎ À¡Ã¾¢¾¡ºý ŢơŢø ±Ø¾¢Â ¸ðΨÃ)

À¡§Åó¾Ã¢ý ¾Á¢úôÀüÚ, Áì¸ðÀüÚ «Ç× ¸¼ó¾Ð.  ¾Á¢Æ÷¸û ±Ø¾ §ÅñÎõ,
±Øò¨¾ô ÀÃôÀ §ÅñÎõ,

        "¸Õòàü¨È Á¨ÄäüÈ¡öô ¦ÀÕì¸ §ÅñÎõ"

±ýÚ §ÅñÊÂÐ ÁðÎÁøÄ¡Ð ±¨¾ ±Ø¾ §ÅñÎõ ±ýÚõ ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢ðÊÕ츢ȡ÷.

        "¾õÁ¡ø ÓÊó¾ ÁðÎõ ¾Ã§ÅñÎõ, À¢ýÉ¡ø
         ºÃº¦ÃÉì ¸ÕòàÚõ ÁÉôÀÆì¸ò¾¡§Ä"

±ýÚ °ì¸ÁǢ츢ȡ÷.

        "­ÕìÌõ ¿¢¨Ä Á¡üÈ ´Õ
          ÒÃ𺢠ÁÉôÀ¡ý¨Á ²üÀÎò¾ø"

±Øò¾¡Ç÷ ¸¼¨Á ±ýÚ §À¡¾¢ì¸¢ýÈ¡÷.

        "¯Ãò¾¢É¢§Ä ÌñÎ ÒÌõ §Å¨Ç¢Öõ Áì¸û
          ¯Â¢÷¸¡ìÌõ ÁÉôÀ¡ý¨Á ¯ñ¼¡ì¸ §ÅñÎõ!"

«Ð ÁðÎÁ¡,

        "¦ÀÕ¿¢Äò¾¡÷ ±ø§Ä¡Õõ ´Õ ¾¡Â¢ý Áì¸û,
          À¢È÷ ¾Á÷ ±ýÚ ±ñÏÅÐ §À¾¨Á§Â"

±ýÚ «È¢×¨Ã À¸÷¸¢È¡÷. «ÎòÐ ÅÕõ Åâ¸û, º£÷¸¡Æ¢ §¸¡Å¢ó¾Ã¡ºý À¡ÊÂ
¾¢¨ÃôÀ¼ôÀ¡¼øãÄõ ÀÄÕìÌõ ¦¾Ã¢ó¾¢ÕìÌõ

        "Ò¾¢Â§¾¡÷ ¯Ä¸õ ¦ºö§Å¡õ, ¦¸ð¼
          §À¡Ã¢Îõ ¯Ä¸ò¨¾ §ÅÕ¼ý º¡öô§À¡õ"

±ýÚ ÐÅíÌõ À¡¼Ä¢ø, ¾Á¢Æâý ±ØЧ¸¡ø ÀüȢ Å⸨Ç
­¨½ò¾¢Õ츢ȡ÷¸û.

        "¦À¡ÐÁì¸û ¿Äõ ¿¡Êô ¦À¡Ðì¸Õò¨¾î ¦º¡ø¸!
          Òý¸Õò¨¾î ¦º¡øÖž¢ø ¬Â¢Ãõ Åó¾¡Öõ
          «¾ü¦¸¡ôÀ §Åñ¼¡§Á! «ó¾Á¢Æ÷ §Áý¨Á
          «Æ¢ôÀ¡¨Ãô §À¡üÚ¾üÌõ ²Î ÀÄ Å¡úó¾¡ø
          ±¾¢÷ôÀ¾ý§È¡ ¾Á¢Æ÷¸Ç¢ý ±ØЧ¸¡ø §Å¨Ä?
          ²üÈ ¦ºÂø ¦ºö¾üÌõ ²ý «ïº §ÅñÎõ?"

­ó¾ Åâ¸Ç¢ø §¾¡öó¾ ±ó¾ò ¾Á¢ÆÛõ ±ØЧ¸¡¨Ä Å¡û§À¡ø ¾Á¢ú¸¡ì¸
¯Â÷ò¾¡Áø ­Õì¸ Á¡ð¼¡ý. ¾Á¢ÆÉ¢ý ±ØЧ¸¡ø ¦ÅÚõ Å¡û ÁðÎÁøÄ.
«Ð ¾Á¢¨Æì ¸¡ôÀ§¾¡Î ¿¢ü¸¡Áø, ¾Á¢¨Æ ÅÇ÷ì¸×õ ÀÂýÀÎò¾ §ÅñÎõ
±ýÚ ¬¨½Â¢Î¸¢È¡÷ À¡§Åó¾÷.

        "±Ç¢Â ¿¨¼Â¢ø ¾Á¢úáø ±Ø¾¢¼×õ §ÅñÎõ
          ­Ä츽 áø Ò¾¢¾¡¸ ­ÂüÚ¾Öõ §ÅñÎõ
          ¦ÅÇ¢Ôĸ¢ø, º¢ó¾¨É¢ø Ò¾¢Ð Ò¾¢¾¡¸
          Å¢¨ÇóÐûÇ ±ÅüÈ¢ÛìÌõ ¦ÀÂ÷¸û ±øÄ¡í¸ñÎ
          ¦¾Ç¢×ÚòÐõ À¼í¸¦Ç¡Î ÍÅʦÂÄ¡õ ¦ºöÐ
          ¦ºó¾Á¢¨Æî ¦ºØó¾Á¢Æ¡öî ¦ºöÅÐ×õ §ÅñÎõ.
          ±Ç¢¨Á¢ɡø ´Õ ¾Á¢Æý ÀÊôÀ¢ø¨Ä¦ÂýÈ¡ø
          ­íÌûÇ ±ø§Ä¡Õõ ¿¡½¢¼×õ §ÅñÎõ"

¿ñÀ÷¸û ­ÃÁ½¢,  ­ñÊ Ã¡õ,  ¸ø¡ñ,  ÓòÐ,  À¡Ä¡  ÁüÚõ
­¨½Âò§¾¡Ã¢ý º¢Úº¢Ú ÓÂüº¢¸Ç¡ø, ¦¾¡Æ¢ø ÑðÀì ¸ÕòÐì¸û
¾Á¢Æ¢Öõ ¯ÕšŨ¾ô À¡÷ò¾¡ø À¡§Åó¾÷ §ÀÕŨ¸Ô¼ý
¦¸¡ñ¼¡Ê¢ÕôÀ¡÷.

        "¾Á¢Æ¢ø ­Ä¡ô À¢È¦Á¡Æ¢áø «¨ÉòÐõ ¿øÄ
          ¾Á¢Æ¡ì¸¢ Å¡º¢ì¸ò ¾Õ¾ø §ÅñÎõ"

±ýÀÐ «Å÷ ¸É×.  «Ð ÁðÎÁ¡, ¿ÁÐ ÁШÃò ¾¢ð¼òÐìÌõ ´Õ «È¢×¨Ã ÅÆí̸¢È¡÷:

        "«Ó¾õ§À¡ø ¦ºó¾Á¢Æ¢ø ¸Å¢¨¾áü¸û
          «Æ¸¢ÂÅ¡õ ¯¨Ã¿¨¼Â¢ø «¨Áó¾ áü¸û,
          ͨÁͨÁ¡öî §º¸Ã¢òÐô Àø¸¨Ä§º÷
          ШÈШÈ¡öô À¢Ã¢ò¾Î츢 ¨Åò¾ø §ÅñÎõ"

±ý¸¢È¡÷.

        "ÁÉ¢¾¦ÃÄ¡õ «ýÒ ¦¿È¢ ¸¡ñÀ¾üÌõ
          Á§É¡À¡Åõ Å¡¨Éô§À¡ø ŢâŨ¼óÐ
          ¾É¢ÁÉ¢¾ ¾òÐÅÁ¡õ ­Õ¨Çô §À¡ì¸¢î
          º¸Áì¸û ´ý¦ÈýÀÐ ¯½÷žüÌõ,
          ­É¢¾¢É¢¾¡ö ±Øó¾ ¯Â÷ ±ñ½¦ÁÄ¡õ
          ­ÄÌÅÐ ÒÄÅ÷¾Õ ÍÅÊ¨Ä"

«ôÀÊôÀð¼ (ŨÄôÒÄî) ÍÅÊ¨Ä «¨Áì¸

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