ͧÁÕò ¾Á¢ú (2)

ENTRY 1

«ýÀ÷¸§Ç,
¦º¡øÖüÚ¨Á¸¨Çô ÀüÈ¢ ÀÄ÷ Å¢º¡Ã¢ì¸ «Åü¨ÈÔõ ¾Á¢ú ­½Âò¾¢ø §À¡Î¾üÌ §ÅñÊ ÓÂüº¢¸¨Ç
±ÎòÐ ÅÕ¸¢ý§Èý. ¸£§Æ «ýÀ÷¸Ç¢ý À¡÷¨ÅìÌ Ó¾ø ÀòÐ ¦º¡ü¸¨Ç ¨Å츢ý§Èý. «Îò¾ÎòÐ ­ýÛõ
ÅÕõ. «ì¸¡Ê ¦º¡ü¸Ùõ ¾ÃôÀÎûÇÐ.

«ýÀý ¸¢.§Ä¡¸É¡¾ý

In the section below, we list the important lexical correspndences that
exist. The list also
includes the Akkadian (Ak) equivalents given in the glossary that seem to be
of some interest.
The Dravidian items relatable to the Ak is also given towards the end of
each listing. The
Dravidian equivalents were obtained from two sources: Dravidian Etymological
Dictionary
(DED) and Winslow's Tamil and English Dictionary(W). The numbers following
the Sumerian
phrase given refer to the line in the original text.

Some Important Lexical Correspondences.

Nouns

1. Su.a-a , Ak. abu "father, begetter" a-a-ugu-mu, 52

Ta. ayyaa: father, respaectable man; Ka. ayya,aya: father etc. Te. ayya,aya
:id (DED163)

2. Su. a: arm, wing, strength. u-de a ba-e-si 17,27

Ta. aal: strength, power etc  as in aal-al (>aaRRal). Also Ta. aalvu: what
is widw, broad,
extensive etc.(W.74; DED313) Also ii, iir : wing (DED453)

3. Su. ab, ab-ba ; Ak.aptu "hole, hole serving as a window" R-ta--dal 105

Ta. aavi: to gape , yawn (DED33)

4. Su. adda: corpse, e.g. adda-ku "to devour corpse" 127

Ta. atu: to pound, kill, destroy. Hence atta: that which has been killed
etc. (DED67). Also Ka.
ade: to be closed, barred, shut-up, choked: adda, adde,  : a state of being
across,
transverse(DED73)

5.Su. ag~a(= aga) : crown; aga-zi : right crown ,  4
(note in Su. g=g~= n hence ag~a=aga=ana: possibly g~=  ng(í)

Ta. aNi: decoration, ornament ; aNikam; ornament; Tu. ani: a kind of mark or
appendage worn
by devil dancer(DED98). Also Ta. angkam : symmetry, beauty: angku: beauty(DED32)

6. Su. ama; Ak.umma : mother , ama-ugu : natural mother,61

Ta. ammaa, ammai:mother,goddess; Ka. amma, ama :id (DED154)

7. Su. a-ma-ru (<a-gi-ru); Ak.abubu :flood

Ta. amari: ambrosia or nectar; urine(W>29); Ta. amirutam: water; amutam: id.
Also maari: rain

8. Su.an; Ak.samu, anu :heaven,sky,god of heaven

Ta. aN: uppar part: aNNal : great man ,king, god (DED 96) Ta. aan, vaan :
the sky (DED4410)

9.Su ba-da-ra Ak.patna u patarru " dagger and sword" R-ma-an-si, 108

Ta. pattaRai, pattatai: anvil, smithy; to forge ; Te. pattada: id (DED3196).
Ta.pattayam: a
sword(W.719)  Also pattiram: a kind of dagger (W.727)

10. Su. balag, Ak.balaggu : harp   R-a-nir-ra, 33

Ta. vazakku: moving, passing to and from (DED 4330) Hence also something
that vibrates. Ka.
baLku, baLiku,baL(u)ku to shake, tremble; baLakisu, baLukisi: to shake a
thin blade of a sword
etc (DED4342)

 «ýÀ÷¸§Ç ,
¦ºýÈ Á¼Ä¢ý ¦¾¡¼÷¡¸, ­ó¾ Á¼Ä¢ø ­ýÛõ 10 ¦º¡ü¸¨Çò ¾Õ¸¢ý§Èý. ­ó¾ Ó¨È "À¢øÄ¢"
"­ø" ''¦¾öÅõ" §À¡ýÈ ¦º¡ü¸û ­¼õ ¦ÀÚ¸¢ýÈÉ. Á¢¸ Ó츢ÂÁ¡É¾¡¸ "¦¾öÅõ" ±ýÀÐ. ­Ð
¯Ú¾¢Â¡¸ ż¦Á¡Æ¢ «øÄ. ¾¢í¸û ±ýÈ ¦º¡ø§Ä «ì¸¡ÊÂõ ¦ºýÚ ¾¢õÁ÷ ¬¸¢ À¢ÈÌ ¾£Å÷ ¬¸¢
ÓÊÅ¢ø §¾Å÷ ¬¸¢Å¢ð¼Ð.
"À¢øÄ¢" ±ýÀÐ ¾Á¢Æ ¿¡¸Ã£ò¨¾ ¸¡¼Å÷ ¸¡Äò¾¢üÌ ­ðÎî ¦ºøÅÐ. ÅûÇ¢ò ¾¢ÕÁ½õ §À¡ýÈ
¦¾öÅò¾¢ÕÁ½í¸¨Ç Å¢ÇìÌÅÐ.

11. Su. billuda (<pilu-da) Ak.pilludu : religious rites . R-gal-gal-la, 16

Ta. pilli: sorcery, witchcraft, magic (W>782). Also Ta. pullu, pilku: to
embrace, copulate (DED
3533); Ka. bulla, bulli: male generativeorgan, Te. bulla,bulli:id (DED3534)
( "billuda" may be a
ceremony similar to the present day sacred marriages of divine couples)

12. Su. dam: Ak. muutu/assatu : spouse . R-dib-ba. 141.
Ta. tam: wife as in tam-pati(wife husband) Also note Ta. thaaram: wife

13. Su. di; Ak. dinu: sentence, judgement. di-n-ga, 117.

Ta. viti: rule, law, fate etc (W>943). also note Sk. iti: to say

14. Su. dingir (dimmer> Ak. diwer); Ak. ilu/iltu : deity

Ta. teivam, theevar (>Sk. deva); Ta. tivam: appearance of a deity(W>593).
Also Ta. tevvu,
tingkaL: the moon(W.620)

15. Su. du, Ak.nigissu: cleft,care
Ta. veti: fissure, cleft Ta. vitar:id ; Ka. bidu: id (DED 4502)

16. Su. du/duh/dur/; Ak. ulluhu: cloth; 75,76
Ta. tukil, tuyil : fine cloth(DED 2687)

17. Su. dul; Ak. kataamu: cover
Ta. thool: skin, hide ; Ka. thool(u) :id ; Nk.Pa: thool:id (DED2937)

18. Su. dumu; Ak. maaru, maartu : son, daughter, 96,141

Ta. tampi: younger brither etc; Go. tammur:id (DED 2513). Also note the
'tam' as in
tam-akkai:sister; tam-aiyan: brother, may be derived from 'dumu' meaning
'sibling'. Also note
tam-ar: relatives etc (W.550)

19. Su. e; Ak. bittu: house, sanctuary, temple ; 104 etc

Ta. il: home, temple etc Kol. ella, Nk. ella;id (DED 420)

20. Su.en; Ak.eenu, eentu : high priest(ess) 67, 120

Ta. Ta. eenthu: to rise high , be eminent ; eenthal : dignitary etc (DED
739); Ta. eeN: boundary,
lomit (DED 751); firmness stability (DED752)

«ýÀ÷¸§Ç, ͧÁÕò¾Á¢ú ¦¾¡¼÷À¡¸ ­ýÛõ 10 ¦º¡ü¸û  ­ó¾  Á¼Ä¢ø ¾ÃôÀθ¢ýÈÉ ­ÅüÈ¢ø '¸¨Ä' ±ýÚ ¦º¡øÄ¢ý ÅÃÄ¡Ú º¢ÈôÀ¡ÉÐ. ­ýÚõ ¿õÁ¢¨¼ Å¡Øõ «î¦º¡ø àÂò¾Á¢ú ±ýÀÐ ÁðÎÁøÄ; ¦¾¡¼ì¸ò¾¢ø µ÷ ºÁÂî º¼í¸¢ø À¡Î¿Ã¡¸ ­Õó¾Å¨Ã§Â «î¦º¡ø ÌÈ¢ò¾¢Õ츢ýÈÐ. ­¾ý «ÊôÀ¨¼Â¢§Ä§Â '¸ø' ¸øÅ¢' '¸¨Ä' '¸Ä¡îº¡Ãõ' ±ýÀɧÀ¡ýÈ ±ò¾¨É§Â¡ ¦º¡ü¸û ÅÇ÷óÐûÇÉ. 'ÌÕ' 'ÌÕº¢ø' 'ÌÚ' §À¡ýÈ ­ýÚõ Å¡Øõ ¦º¡ü¸û «¾¢¸ ¯Õ§À¾Á¢ýÈ¢ ͧÁÕò¾Á¢Æ¢ø ­ÕôÀ¨¾Ôõ «È¢ÂÅÕ¸¢ý§È¡õ.
¾Á¢ÂÉ¡ö ¯¨ÆôÀ¨¾ô À¡÷òÐ ÀÄ «ýÀ÷¸û ¯¾Å¢ ¦ºö ÓýÅóÐûÇÉ÷. ¸½¢É¢Â¢ø ¾ðʼ ±ò¾¨É§Â¡ áü¸û ¸ðΨøÙõ ­Õ츢ýÈÉ. À¢É¡íÌ Åð¼¡Ãò¾¢ø ­Õô§À¡÷ §¿Ã¢¨¼Â¡¸ ¦¾¡¼÷Ò ¦¸¡ñ¼¡ø ¸ÄóШáʠ ¾¢ð¼Á¢ðÎ ¸¡Ã¢Âò¾¢ø ­Èí¸Ä¡õ.

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21. Su.ezi-nu: vegetation; grain, 10,43

Ta. aaciNi,aayiNi: bread-fruit tree, Artocarpus Incisa (DED310); Ta. eL,eN: sesamum indicum;
Ma. eLLu:id (DED726) Ta. ezu: to rise up

22. Su. gaba : breast; gaba-tab: close to breast, 8.

Ta. KavuL: cheek, temple or jaw of elephant: Ma. kavil: cheek(DED 1124); Ta.paakam(ga-ba>
paakam?): the arm(W751). Ta. kavan-tam, kapantam: headless body (W.240);
kapaalam(>SK.kapaala) : the skull, cranium; Ta. kapoolam (Sk. kapola: the cheeks); Ta.
kappaNam: an iron collar for the neck; a kind of neckalace (kappa: neck?)(W.241)

23. Su ga-la, Ak.kalu:ritual singer , 140

Ta. kal: to learn, practise(as arts); kalai: arts and sciences, learning ,etc; Ma. kala:id ; Ka. kali: a
learned man(DED 1090)(.Sk. kalaa: an art)

24. Su.gi(s) : dark, night; gi-u-na ,56

Ta. kari: black; Ta.kaar: darkness, blacknessetc (DED1073). Also Ta. mai: black, blackness
(W899)

25.  Su.gi-ri, Ak. sepu: feet, R-n--se..na , 78

Ta.ukir: finger-nail, claw; Tu.uguru, Te.goru. Kol. go.r, Nk. goor, Pa. geeri; Ca9s) geere:id Also
T. kooRai: a scratch(kooR-; claw?0; Ka. kooRee: tusk, fang etc (DED 1869)

26. Su. gis-ka(n), gis-ka-na , giska-an-na : doorsill

Ta. kannam, kannakkool: an instrument for breaking into a house; kannakam:id (W.274) Ta.
kannam: a hole made by burglars in a home-wall; Ka. kanna:id (DED1188)

27. Su. gizzu(<gis-zu : something dark? ) Ak. sillu: shadow,shade , 71

Ta. kangkul: darkness, night Ma.karivu:dark colour, kaNNal: darkness (DED1073)( Also note
gis-zu=nis-zu> n-ii-zu. Ta.n-izal: shadow)

28.  Su.gurus; Ak.etlu: young man. R-a-tuku, 48

Ta. kuru: small, young ; Ta.kurucil: a young man (W329); Ta. kurumaan, kuruman: the tender
young of certain animals, bears, birds etc (W331). Ta.kuru-Lai: youth, juvenility; the young of
hares, deers, dogs, swine, jackals, tigers, red monkeys etc (W332)

29. Su. hi-li Ak. kuzbu: beauty

Ta. ezil: beauty, gracefulness (DED722)
 
30. Su.i, Ak. naru: river

Ta. oo: shutter or other means to stop the flow of water; ma. ooka, oovu: flodgate, sluice,
drain(DED864) . Also naru=naRu>nathi?

"¸Çõ" ±ýÈ ¦º¡øÖõ àÂò¾Á¢§Æ. ­¾É¡ø "º¢í¸Çõ' ±ýÛõ ¦º¡øÖõ àÂò ¾Á¢ú ¬¸¢ýÈÐ.  ͧÁÕò¾Á¢Æ¢ø "º¢í-" ±ýÈ¡ø '«ÆÌ' ±ýÚ ¦À¡Õû ÀÎõ. 'º¢í¸Çõ' ±ýÈ¡ø «Æ¸¢Âò ¾¢Õ¿¡Î ±ýÈ¡Ìõ. 'º¢í' (Su. sig)  ±ýÈ ¦º¡øĢĢÕóÐ
"º¢í¸¢' 'º¢í¸ý' '¦º¡ì¸¢' '¦º¡ì¸ý' §À¡ýÈ ÀÄ ¦º¡ü¸û Åó¾¢Õ츢ýÈÉ.

­ýÛõ ÅÕõ

«ýÀý ¸¢.§Ä¡¸¿¡¾ý

31. Su. ib, ib-ba Ak. ezezu, ezzu: anger, (be) angry
Ta. evvam: afliction, dislike(DED 3094)

32. Su. igi, ibi (< ingi?): eye, to see etc Ak  :inu

Ta. imai: eyes, eyelid; Ka. ime,eme,eve :id (DED2097). Also Ta. akki, akkam : id (>Sk. aksi?)

33. Su. im: wind ; Su. im-hul Ak> imhullu : evil wind , 31

Ta. imir, imiz : to sound, hum etc (W>89)

34. Su. inim: word, curse etc

Ta. en: to say, to utter; Ka. en, ennu,an, annu: to spead, speak, call etc; embu, imbu : a saying, a
word (DED737)

35. Su.ir: tears, crying, water ; du-mu-ir-pa-da: plaintiff child etc ,96

Ta. iir: moisture, wetness ; water, tears  Kol: iir: water; Nk. iir:id (DED3057)

36. Su. iti: moonlight , new moon

Ta. inthu: moon (W.88)

37. Su. izi: fire; izi-ne nera: fanned fire

Ka. ese: to shine, be brilliant (DED665); Ta. eri: to burn, blaze etc

38. Su. ka: mouth, ka-lal-la: honey mouth

Ta. vaay: mouth, Ma. vaay, vaa: mouth, opening etc

39. Su. kal: something  precious, nin-R Ak. suguru

Ta. kal: stone, preciuos stone (DED1091)

40. Su. kalam; Ak. maatu: (native ) lad ;13,18

Ta. kaLam: place, open space etc (DED 1160)

«ýÀ÷¸§Ç,
 

                                ¾Á¢Æô À¡÷ôÀÉ÷¸û ¯ñ¨Á¢ø «ì¸¡ÊÂ÷¸Ç¡?

µ÷ ͨÅÂ¡É ¦ºö¾¢§Â¡Î ­ó¾ ¦ºö¾¢ ÁÄ÷ ÅÕ¸¢ýÈÐ. ¾Á¢Æ¸ò¾¢ø µ÷ ¦ÀÕõ º¡¾¢ô À¢Ã¨É¡¸ À¡÷ôÀÉ÷ À¡÷ôÀÉÃøÄ¡¾¡÷ ±ýÚ ¦¿Îí¸¡ÄÁ¡¸ µ÷ §À¡Ã¡ð¼õ ¿¼óÐ ÅÕÅÐ «¨ÉÅÕìÌõ ¦¾Ã¢ó¾ ´ý§È. ­ó¾ À¡÷ôÀÉ÷¸û ¯ñ¨Á¢ø ¡÷ ±ýÀ¨¾ Å¢ÇìÌõ Ũ¸Â¢ø µ÷ Ò¾¢Â ¸ÕòÐ: ­Å÷¸û ¬Ã¢Â ÅÆ¢ò§¾¡ýÈø¸û «øÄ, Á¡È¡¸ «ì¸¡Ê ¦Á¡Æ¢ §Àº¢Â¢Å¡Ú, ͧÁÕò ¾Á¢Æ÷¸¨Ç ͧÁÕŢĢÕóРŢÃðÊÅ¢ðÎ À¢ÈÌ «Å÷¸§Ç¡Î  ¾Á¢Æ¸õ Åó¾ §º¡¾¢¼÷¸û ¸½¢Â÷¸û §À¡ýÈ «È¢» ¦ÀÕÁì¸Ç¡¸  ­Õì¸Ä¡õ ±ýÀ§¾ «ôÒ¾¢Â ¸ÕòÐ. ­¾üÌ ¬¾¡ÃÁ¡¸ ­ÕôÀÐ ÀÄ «ì¸¡ÊÂî ¦º¡ü¸û ­ýÚõ ¾Á¢Æ¸òÐ À¡÷ôÀÉ÷¸û ¦Á¡Æ¢ ÅÆ츢ø ÅÆíÌŧ¾ ¡Ìõ. ¸¡ð¼¡¸ ­ýÚ ¾ÃôÀÎõ «ì¸¡ÊÂî ¦º¡ü¸Ç¢ø  «ì¸¡Ê ¬Å¢Ù(> «ùÅ¡û), «ŠÕ(>«ìÃõ, «ì¸¢Ã¸¡Ãõ) Ã¡Ó ( ÃõÁ¢Âõ,)  Á¡Î, Á¡ðÎ (> Á¡ðÎô¦Àñ) §À¡ýÈÅü¨Èî ¦º¡øÄÄ¡õ. §ÁÖõ 'áÁ¢' 'áÁý' §À¡ýÈ ¦º¡ü¸Ùõ ż¦Á¡Æ¢ «øÄ, ¾Á¢Æ¢Öõ ż¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢Öõ À¢Öõ «ì¸¡ÊÂî ¦º¡ü¸û ±ýÚõ ¦¾Ã¢¸¢ýÈÐ. §ÁÖõ ­ýÛõ Ţ⚸ ¬Ã¡ÂôÀ¼ §ÅñÊÂì ¸Õòиǡ¸ «ýÀ÷¸û Óý ­Åü¨È  ¨Å츢ý§Èý. ­¾¢ø µ÷ §ÅÊ쨸 ¯ñÎ. ­Ð ¯ñ¨Á¦ÂýÈ¡ø, ±ó¾ ¬Ã¢Â÷¸¦Ç¡Î «Å÷¸û Àò¦¾¡ýÀ¾¡õ áüÈ¡ñÎ ¦¾¡¼í¸¢ ÁɦÁ¡òÐô§À¡ö ¾¢Ã¡Å¢¼ Áì¸¨Ç ­Æ¢× ¦ºöÐ ¬ÊÉ¡÷¸§Ç¡, «ó¾ ¬Ã¢Â÷¸û ­É¦ÅÈ¢ ¦¸¡ñÎ ­Äðºì ¸½ì¸¢ø ¦¸¡ýÈÆ¢ò¾ ¦ºÁ¢ò¾¢Â Áì¸Ç¢ý ÅÆ¢ò§¾¡ýÈø¸Ç¡¸ ­Å÷¸û, ¾Á¢Æô À¡÷ôÀÉ÷¸û ­Õì¸Ä¡õ ±ýÀ§¾!

±ý¨É Á¼ì¸¢ Á¼ì¸¢ ͧÁÕò ¾Á¢¨Æô ÀüÈ¢ ÀÄ §¸ûÅ¢¸¨Çì §¸ð¼ Á½¢Åñ½ý ±í§¸ §À¡öÅ¢ð¼¡÷?

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41. Su. kas: drink; kas-du: sweet drink , ir... R-ga-gim, 82

Ta. kasi: to ooze out; Ka. kasi: to ooze, trickle, flow etc(DED918) Also Ta. kanjci: rice-water
poured off rice; To. koj: rice porridege

42. Su. ki; Ak: ersetu: earth Ak: asru, asar: place, where

Ta. ku, kiiz: place or space below; bottom, east etc(DED1348). Ta.kiiz: (agricultural) land as
kiz-aan: landowner, kiz-aar: garde etc (W305)

43.Ta. Su. ki-aga(=ki-angka> kaamma?) Ak. ramu: to love; beloved

Ta. kongkaN: husband, kongka-: to love? Kur. conhaa: to love; beloved etc
Also note , Ta. irammiyam: beauty, pleasantness etc

44. Su.ku, Ak. ellu: holy, pure, divine etc  R-innana,83

Ta.kO: king, emperor, god etc (DED 1810) Also Ta. kOL: a planet; heavenly phenomena
(W382) Ta. kO: greatness etc (W374)

45.. Su. kur; Ak: nakaru, nukkuru : something hostile, alien etc, 9,20

Ta. kURRu: yama-the god of death; Ma. kURRam, kURRan: enemy, destroyer(DED1602); Ta.
kuRumpu: wickedness, battle, war etc (DED 1541) Also note Ta. naraku: hell (< Ak. nakaru?)

46.  Su. kur; Ak. sadu, maatu : mountain, land, country etc (DED 1548)

Ta. kunRu: hill, mountain Ta. kURu: a division of land, territory etc;  Go(w) : kuRu : hill
(DED1548) Also Ta. maatu: wealth, property

47. Su. lu; Ak. awilu: man ,119

Ta. aaL: man, husband etc ; Ta. aaN: male, manliness (DED 342) Also Ta. avaaL; awwaaL: that
person (in Brahmin register)

48. Su. ma; Ak. elippu: boat, R-a-nir-ra , 98

Ta. maram: tree; maa: mango tree (DED3919)

49. Su. ma-sa-b; Ak; masabbu: basket , 68
Ta. makkari; makri: basket plaited out of stout slits of bambooor of the date tree(DED 3772)

50. Su. me-lam ; Ak. mela/ emmu:  radiance , R-gur-ru ,2

Ta. mEl: the sky, the visible heaven(W.897); Ta. veL. veN; white, pure, shining; Ma. veLLi:
silver, Venus etc (DED4524)
 

­ó¾î ¦ºö¾¢ÁÄÕ¼ý ­ÃñÎ ¸ÕòÐì¸¨Ç º¢ó¾¨ÉìÌ ÅÆí¸Ä¡õ ±ýÚ ¿¢¨É츢ý§Èý. ͧÁÕ Á¢¸ôÀÆí¸¡ÄòÐò  ¾Á¢§Æ ±ýÀ¾üÌ «È¢»÷¸û «¸ò§¾ ­ÕìÌõ ¾¨¼¸¨Çì ̨Èì¸ µ÷ Ó츢ÂÁ¡É ¦º¡ø ´ýÚ ­íÌ ÅÕ¸¢ýÈÐ. "Á¡ý" ±ýÈ «ÊÀÊÂ¢Ä¡É º¢Ä ¦º¡ü¸û:" ÁÛº¢", "ÁÕÁ¡ý" ±ýÀɧŠ«¨Å.  §Å÷¡øÄ¡¸ ­ÕìÌõ "Á¡ý"
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­ýÛ¦Á¡ýÚ. ¬Ã¢Â ¦Á¡Æ¢ì ÌÎõÀ¾¢ø Á¢¸ô À¨Æ Hitte ±Ûõ ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ý µ÷  §¸¡¦ÄØòÐ ÅðÊø (¸¡Äõ ²Èį̀È ¸¢.Ó. 1700 ±ýÚ ¿¢¨É츢ý§Èý) "ariyaman" ±ýÈ ¦º¡ø À墀 ¯¼ý «Å÷¸§Ç ¬Ã¢Â÷¸û ±ýÈ ÓÊÅ¢üÌ ÀÄ ³§Ã¡ôÀ¢Â «È¢»÷¸û ÅóÐûÇÉ÷. ¬Â¢Ûõ ­íÌ ¿¡õ ¸Õ¾§ÅñÊÂÐ ­î¦º¡øÖõ à ¾Á¢ú ¦º¡ø§Ä ¡Ìõ. ¾Á¢Æ¢ø "¬÷" ±ýÀ¾üÌ ÀÄ «÷ò¾í¸û ¯ñÎ. ­íÌ ¦À¡ÕóÐÅÐ "§¾÷" ±ýÀ¾¡¸ ­Õì¸Ä¡õ. ¬Ã¢Â÷¸û ±ýÀ¡÷ §¾§Ã¡ðʸǡ¸ º¢ÈóÐ ­Õ󾾡ø, ͧÁÕò ¾Á¢Æ÷¸§Ç ­Å÷¸¨Ç «ùÅ¡Ú «¨Æò¾¢Õì¸Ä¡õ. ­ýÛõ ¬Ã¡Â §ÅñÊ µ÷ ¸Õò¾¡¸ ­¨¾ «ýÀ÷¸û Óý ¨Å츢ý§Èý.
­ýÛõ ´ýÚ. «ì¸¡Ê ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Â ¸¡Ïõ §À¡Ð «Êì¸Ê ±ÉìÌ ¦¾ÖíÌ ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ý ¿¢¨É× ÅÕõ. ¦º¡øÖÕÅ¢ø «ô§ÀüÀð¼ ´üÚ¨Á. «¾üÌ «Ãñ ¦ºöž¡¸ ­ó¾ ÀðÊÂÄ¢ø  asarEdu (55) ±ýÈ ¦º¡ø ÅÕ¸¢ýÈÐ. ­Ð "¦ÃðÊ" ±ýÈ ¦º¡ø§Ä¡Î ´üÚ¨Á ¦¸¡ñ¼¾¡ö Å¢ÇíÌŨ¾ì ¸¡ñ¸. ¦ÃðÊ¡÷ ±ýÀ¡÷¸û ¦¾ÖíÌ ¦ÀÕíÌÊ Á츧Ç¡Ìõ. «ì¸¡Ê ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ý ¬¾¢ì¸ò¾¡ø ¾¡ý ¦¾ÖíÌ ¾Á¢Æ¢Ä¢ÕóÐ À¢Ã¢ó¾§¾¡ ±ýÚ ¿¢¨Éì¸ò §¾¡ýÚ¸¢ýÈÐ. «È¢»÷¸û ­¾¨ÉôÀüÈ¢ º¢ó¾¢ì¸§Å  н¢óÐ ­ì¸Õòи¨Ç Óý ¨Å츢ý§Èý.

 ¬Á¡õ, ­ôÀÊôÀðÊ Å¢ºÂí¸¨ÇÔõ ­ýÛõ ­¾¨Éô §À¡ýÈ ±ò¾¨É§Â¡ Å¢ºÂí¸¨ÇÔõ «í¨¸ ¦¿øÄ¢¦ÂÉ «È¢óР ¨Åò¾¢ÕìÌõ  «ó¾ º¸Ä¸Ä¡ÅøÄ÷ ¼¡ì¼÷ ¦ƒÂÀ¡Ã¾¢ ²ý ­ÐŨà ¦ÁªÉõ º¡¾¢ì¸¢ýÈ¡÷. ¯¼ýÀθ¢ýȡá «ø¨Ä¡?

51. Su. mi, munus; Ak. awiltum, sinnistum : woman

Ta. mai: a barren woman (W.899) Ta. manusi: id (W.857)

52. Su. mu-ru-(m); maru-man: sister-in-law; brother-in-law etc , 90

Ta. marumakan, marumaan: man's son, woman's brother's son, son-in-law, descendent, scion,
member of a clan etc (DED 3860)

53. Su. num-dum: lip nun-dum nun-dum : lips

Ta. n-utambu: to become soft or moist as soap in water; to become damp (n-utam : something
soft and wet?) (W.687)

54. Su. pa; Ak. elaaatu: bright ?, an-pa:zenith

Ta. pakal: day, daytime, sun etc ; piyal: noon (DED3151). Also paal: milk,something white;
Ta. paal: part, portion, section etc

55. Su. sag-kal; Ak. asaredu : first, foremost

Ta.  tAngkaL: you (honorofic plural) (DED 2582)

56. Su. sag-ki; Ak. puutu: forehead, face ; R-hus-a, 37

Ta. cenni: head,cheek; Te. cekku, cengka, cempa: cheek (DED1655)

57. Su.sahar: dust
 Ta. cakati: mud, mire; cakam: earth (W.384). Ta. cERu: mud, mire, slush etc ; To. ko.r : lake,
tank formed by dam; soR: mud; Ka. kesar: wet soil, mud, mire etc. 9DED1680)

58. Su.sila; Ak. sUgU: street, path, 25

Ta. cAlai: an avenue, public road etc(W.441) Also Ta. cAl: furrow in ploughing, a track of
sower; Ma. cAl: furrow, channel, track etc; Kod. calli: line, furrow etc (DED2308)

59. Su. silim: blessings, good wishes

Ta. cIlam: good conduct, good morals,just deportment; right, justice, equity; good knowledge
(W.469)

60. Su. sin; Ak sihru: small  Ak. sinuntu : swallow

Ta. cinna, cinni: small child, little thing (DED 23150 Also Ta. ciRu; small, a little. Related to the
Ak. we have Ta. cuNdu, coNdu : bill, beak, lower lip (DED 2193) Ta. cuNtan: grey, musk shrew
(DED 2190)

        «ýÀ÷¸§Ç,

­ý¨È ͧÁÕ ¦ºö¾¢ ÀÄ Í¨ÅÂ¡É ¦ºö¾¸§Ç¡Îõ, ³§Ã¡ôÀ¢Â ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢Âø ÅøÖ¿÷¸§Ç¡Î н¢óÑ ÓÃñÀðÎ(¯½÷ źÓõ ÀðÎ) ¾Á¢ú ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦º¡üÀ¢ÈôÀ¢Âø ±ýÈ Ò¾¢Â§Å¡÷ ШȨ§Âò ¦¾¡¼ì¸¢Â §¾Å§¿Âô À¡Å¡½÷ ¸ÕòÐì¸ðÌ «Ãñ §º÷ôÀ¾¡Ôõ º¢Ä ¸ñÎÀ¢ÊôÒì¸û.  Ӿġž¡¸ «Æ¸¢Âò ¾Á¢Æ¡¸ ­ýÚõ ¿õÁ¢¨¼§Â Å¡Øõ 'º£÷' 'ÝÄõ' '¦¾¡Ú' '¯û' '´ì¸ø' §À¡ýÈ ¦º¡ü¸û ͧÁÕÅ¢Öõ ²Èį̀È «§¾ ¦À¡ÕÇ¢ø À¢Öõ ¿ü¦ºö¾¢. ­íÌ, ͧÁÕ «È¢»÷¸ðÌ Í§ÁÕÅ¢ø ¯¸Ã  ´¸¡Ã §ÅüÚ¨Á¸û ­ÕôÀÐ ¦¾Ã¢Ôõ ´ýȡ¢Ûõ, ±Øò¾¢ø «¾¨Éì ¸¡ð¼¡§¾ Ţθ¢ýÈÉ÷ ±ýÀ¨¾ ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢ð¼¡¸ §ÅñÎõ.

À¡Å¡½ÕìÌ ¯Ú¾¢ §º÷ôÀ¾¡¸ «¨ÁÅÐ "¯" "°"  ±ýÀ¨¾ ãÄÁ¡¸ì ¦¸¡ñÎ ±ØóÐûÇ º¢Ä ¦º¡ü¸§Ç ¡Ìõ.
'°" §¾¡ýÚÅÐ, ±ØÅÐ, ¯Â÷ÅÐ, °÷ÅÐ ±ýÈ «Ê§Å÷ì ¸ÕòÐì¸¨Ç ¯¨¼ÂÐ. Á¢¸ Á¢¸ ÀÆí¸¡Äò¾¢§Ä§Â, Å¢Äí¸¡¸ ­ÕóÐ ¦Á¡Æ¢ÅøÄ ÁÉ¢¾¡¸¢ì ¦¸¡ñÊÕó¾ §À¡§¾, ÌÆ󨾸Ǣý ÁÆ¨Ä ¦Á¡Æ¢ §À¡Ä Å¡¨Â ÍÆ¢òÐ ­ó¾ "°' ±ýÈ ´Ä¢¨Â ¸¢ÇôÀ¢ §ÁüÜÈôÀð¼ ¸ÕòÐì¸¨Ç À¢ÈÕìÌ ¯½÷ò¾¢ ­Õì¸ §ÅñÎõ. Á¡É¢¼ ¦Á¡Æ¢ §¾¡ýȢ ¦À¡Ø§¾ §¾¡ýȢ Á¢¸ô À¨Æ ¦º¡øÄ¡¸ ­Ð ­Õì¸ìÜÎõ.
º¢Ä ¦º¡ü¸Ç¢ý À¢ÈôÀ¢Âø ÅÃÄ¡Ú.

¯.°> ¯û.>µû: ¯ûÇ , ´Ç¢; °> °÷: °÷¾¢ ; °>¯û>¯ñ¨Á; ¯>¯ø: ¯ý: º¢ó¾¢ò¾ø

°> ¯Â÷; ¯>¯ô> ¯ô¦À÷, ¯õÀ÷; °> ¯ô ¯: ¯ôÒ: ¦ÀÕ¸ø, ¯ôÒ: §Á±¦Ä ÅÕÅÐ
«¸Ãõ ¯¸Ãõ Á¸Ãõ ±ýÈÅ¡Ú Áó¾¢Ã¡Â½ò¾¢ø, ¯¸Ãõ ´Ç¢ ÅÊÅ¢ý, Åð¼ ÅÊÅ¢ý µ÷Áó¾¢Ãõ ±ýÚõ, «Ð§Å Å¢óÐ ±ýÚõ
«õ¨Á¢ý «ì¸Ãõ ±ýÚ ÜÈôÀÎŨ¾Ôí ¸¡ñ¸.

"¯÷, °÷" ±ýÈ ¦º¡øÖõ ­íÌ À¢ø¸¢ýÈÐ. ­Ð '¯¨Ã' 'µÃ¢' 'µÄõ'  ±ýÀÉ §À¡ýÈ ¦º¡ü¸Ç¢ý ãÄõ ±ýÚõ ¦¾Ã¢¸¢ýÈÐ. ¿¡ö§À¡Ä ̨ÃòÐõ, ±¨É º¢Ä Å¢Äí̸¨Çô§À¡Ä ¸÷ƒ¢òÐõ ¾ÉÐ ¸ÕòÐì¸¨Ç ¦¾Ã¢Å¢ò¾ «ó¾
Á¢¸ô À¨Æ ¿¢¨Ä¢ø §¾¡ýȢ ¦º¡ü¸Ç¡¸ ­¨Å ­Õ츧ÅñÎõ.

­ý¦É¡Õ ¸Õò§¾¡Î ­¾¨É ÓÊ츢ý§Èý. ­ôÀÊôÀð¼ ¦º¡üÀ¢ÈôÀ¢Âø ¬ö׸û «¾¢Öõ ¾Á¢ú ¬ö׸û, Å¢Äí¸¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ÁÉ¢¾ý ÀÊôÀÊ¡¸ §º¡À¡ÉӨȢø §¾¡ýȢɡý  ±ýÈ  ¾¡÷Å¢ÉÐ Ü÷¾ÄÈò¾¢üÌ(evolution)  «Ãñ §º÷ôÀ¾¡¸ ¯ûÇÐ. ¦À¡ÐÅ¡¸ ¨ºÅ÷¸ðÌõ (¸¡ñ¸ Á¡½¢ì¸Å¡º¸÷ º¢ÅÒá½õ)  ¨Å½Å÷¸ðÌõ( Àò¾Å¾¡Ãí¸û ¯ñ¨Á¢ø, Ü÷¾ÄȧÁ ¬É¡ø Òá½ ÅÊÅ¢ø) ¯¼ýÀ¡¼¡¸ ­Õì¸ ¦ºÁ¢ò¾¢Â Á¾í¸Ç¡¸¢Â ä¾õ, ¸¢È¢òÐÅõ, ­ÍÄ¡õ ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢üÌ ¯¼ýÀ¡Êø¨Ä.  ¾ò¾õ Á¨È¸û §ÅÚ Å¨¸Â¡¸ì  ÜÈ, «¾ü§¸ «Ê¨Á¡¸¢, «È¢Å¢Âø ӨȢø º¢ó¾¢òÐ ¯ñ¨Á¨Â ²üÚì ¦¸¡ûÇ ÁÚ츢ýÈÉ÷.
 

«ýÀý ¸¢.§Ä¡¸É¡¾ý

 61. Su. sa; Ak.libba: 1. heart, mind, essence ;2. womb e.g. sa-ku: hloy womb

Ta. than, thaan: oneself; thanmai: essence, character, temper etc; Also Ta. aay: to search,
examine etc. Ta. aay,aayi: mother; Ta.thaay: id (DED308) (sa(y)>Ta. aay, thaay: one with the
womb?) Also note Malay: saya: I Malay sah: the right, true etc

62. Su. sir: song, incantation

Ta. ciir: a foot in poetry; tune in music, noise ,sound.(W.469). Note: Ta.ciir-aattu: to extol,
praise, applaud. Here probablyciir has the original sense of song (of praise)(W.468). See.
PuranAnURU(24) "taN kuravaic ciir thuukkun-thu" . Here 'ciir" in the sense of "song" fits. Also
'thuukku" here is related to Su. dug,du: to tell, relate, recite etc.

63. Su. su; Ak. qatu: hand

Ta. Ta. kand, arm: Te. ceeyi: id; Konda: kiu: id (DED 1683Also Ta. cey: to do , to make ; action
etc (DED1628)

64. Su. su-luh ; Ak. suluhhu: lustration,   136

Ta. cuul: torch, flambeau(W.468)

65. Su. tab: partner,90

Ta. tampi: younger brother or male parallel cousin; ma. tampi, tamban: younger brother; Ta.
tamar: one's own people, friends etc; Ka. taam, taavu : they, themselves ; you(honorific); tamar,
tavar: one's own people(DED2582)

66. Su, tur: cow stall, temple cattle, byre

Ta. toRu: herd of flock, cattle: abundance, copiousness etc (W.637); Ta. tuRai: place, location,
situation, space, posotion etc; resort, shelter etc

67. Su. u : 1. day, daylight as in 'u-dal-la-e-a' , 1
                 2. storm as in 'u-de a....si, 17

  1.  Ta. Ta. oLi: light, brightness, sun, moon, star etc; Ka. uLku: to shine, blaze. Also Kol. ul:
day ; Kur: ulla; day (DED584) Ta. u-kam: day (W.120)

2. Ta. U-thai : wind, gale etc; Ka. Udu: to blow, blowing etc

68. Su. uku; Ak. nisu: people, e.g. uku-lu : multotudes, 45

Ta. ulaku: world, inhabitants of the world etc (W.147) . Ta. ookal: relatives, friends etc.

69. Su.ulu/ u-lu ; Ak. alu : sandstorm,    &1

Ta. ulavai : wind (W>148) Ta. uur: to move, crawl etc; Ta. Urthi: that which moves etc

70. Su. ur; Ak. kalbu: beast, dog

Ta. Ta. Ori: the male of beasts in general: a male jackal, red monkeyetc (W. 213, DED 895)
 

«ýÀ÷¸§Ç,

­ó¾ ¦ºö¾¢ ÁÄ÷ ¾Á¢Æî ºÁÂò¦¾¡¼÷À¡É º¢Ä Ó츢Âî ¦º¡ü¸¨Ç ¦¸¡ñÎ ÅÕ¸¢ýÈÐ. «ò§¾¡Î ¾¢Õ. Á½¢Åñ½ý §¸ð¼ º¢Ä §¸ûÅ¢¸ðÌõ À¾¢ø ¦º¡øÄ §ÅñÊ ¿¢¨Ä. Ӿġž¡¸ ͧÁÕÅ¢ø '°Õ' , '±ýÉ', ¡À(ý) §À¡ýÈ ¦º¡ü¸û À¢øÅÐ. ´ý¨È ­íÌ «ÉÀ÷¸û ÁÈÅ¡¾¢Õì¸ Á£ñÎõ ¦º¡øÄ §ÅñÎõ. ±ÎòÐ측ð¼ôÀÎõ ¦º¡ü¸û «¨ÉòÐõ ´§Ã ´Õ À¡¼Ä¢ÕóÐ ¸¡ð¼ôÀÎÀ¨Å¡Ìõ. ±øÄ¡ ­Ä츢Âí¸¨ÇÔõ ¬öó¾¡ø ­ýÛõ ±ò¾¨É§Â¡ ¦º¡ü¸û ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ.
ÅÃÄ¡üÚ º¢ÈôÒ Á¢ì¸ ¦º¡øÄ¡¸ ­íÌ §¾¡ýÚÅÐ "ºÀõ' 'ƒÀõ '¦ºÀõ' '¦ƒÀõ' ±ýÈ ¦º¡ü¸§Ç. ­ÐŨà «¨ÉÅÕ§Á ­Åü¨È ż¦Á¡Æ¢ ±ý§È ¸Õ¾¢ ÅóÐûÇÉ÷. ¬Éø ¯ñ¨Á «ÐÅøÄ ±ýÚ ¦¾Ã¢¸¢ýÈÐ. ­Ð×õ à ¾Á¢ú ¦º¡ø§Ä. «§¾ô §À¡ýȧ¾ 'º£Åý' 'ƒ£Åý' ±ýÀÐõ. ­íÌ  Á½¢Åñ½ý §¸ð¼ µ÷  §¸ûÅ¢: 'ƒ" ¾Á¢ú ±Øò¾¡ «ø¨Ä¡ ?±ýÀ§¾. ¾Á¢ú ±ØòÐò¾¡ý ±ýÈ¡ø, ¦¾¡ø¸¡ôÀ¢ÂòÐ áýÁÃÀ¢ø ÌÈ¢ì¸ôÀ¼Å¢ø¨Ä§Â ? ±ýÈ §¸ûÅ¢Ôõ ±Øõ.

­¾üÌ À¾¢ø: ¯ñ¨Á ±Ð§Å¡ «¾¨É ¿¡õ ²üÚ¦¸¡ûÇ §ÅñÎõ. 'Š' '‰' '‹' §À¡ýÈ ±ØòÐì¸û ż¦ÅØòиû ±ÉôÀθ¢ýÈÉ.  «ôÀʦÂýÈ¡ø ±ýÉ? ż¦Á¡Æ¢ ±ØòÐì¸Ç¡ «øÄÐ §Å¦È¡Õ ¦À¡ÕÇ¢ø ¦¾¡ø¸¡ôÀ¢Â÷ ­¾¨Éì ÜȢɡá? §ÁÖõ ¾Á¢Æ¢ø ±ôÀÊ ¸¸ÃÓõ †Ã¸Óõ, º¸ÃÓõ …¸ÃÓõ  Áü¦È¡Ä¢Âí¸§Ç¡ «§¾ô §À¡Ä ²ý 'ƒ' '…' 'º" §À¡ý¨È×õ Á¡ü¦È¡Ä¢Âí¸Ç¡ì ­Õì¸ìܼ¡Ð? ­¾¨Éî ¦º¡øÄô §À¡ö º¢Ä ¬ñθðÌ ÓýÒ, À¡Å¡½÷ Àì¾÷ ´ÕÅâ¼Á¢ÕóÐ «Ê§Â Å¡í¸ ­Õó§¾ý.

ͧÁÕò ¾Á¢Æ÷¸û ¾Á¢ú ¿¡ðÊø ÌÊÒÌóÐ «íÌûÇ¡¨Ã Á½óÐ ÀÄ ¯¼ø ÜüÚ Á¡üÈí¸¨Ç «¨¼ó¾ §À¡Ð ­ôÀÊôÀð¼ ¦Á¡Æ¢ Á¡üÈí¸¨ÇÔõ «¨¼ó¾¢Õì¸Ä¡õ. §Å¾ Áì¸û À¡Ã¾õ ÒÐóÐ, «íÌ ²ü¸É§Å ź¢ò¾ ¾¢Ã¡Å¢¼ ­É Á츧ǡΠ¸ÄóÐ ÅÇ÷ó¾ §À¡Ð, ż¦Á¡Æ¢§Â ÁüÈõ «¨¼ÂÅ¢ø¨Ä¡?  «Ð§À¡Ä ¾Á¢Æ÷¸ðÌõ ¿¼ó¾¢Õì¸Ä¡õ.

­ýÛõ ¾£Å¢ÃÁ¡¸ ¬Ã¡ÂôÀ¼ §ÅñÊ µ÷ ¸Õò¾¡¸ò ¾¡ý ­¾¨É «ýÀ÷¸û Óý ¨Å츢ý§Èý.

«ýÀý ¸¢. §Ä¡¸¿¡¾ý

71. Su. ur, uru; Ak. aalu: earth , city etc

Ta. Ur, Uru: village, town, city; Ka. Ur, Tu. Uru: id (DED 643)

72. Su. ur; Ak. mesrEtu, kabattu, libbu: limbs, liver, heart etc

Ta. eRu-ppu: a limb, or member of the body, features (W. 160). Also Ta. Uru: the thigh (Sk. Ur:
id ) (W.165)

73. Su. u-san, an-u-san; Ak. simetan, da'ummatu: evening

Compound possibly derived from 'u' meaning time, day etc and 'san' which can be compared
with Ta. cAy: to diminish, decline, to grow thin etc (DED307); decline in heavenly body etc
(DED 2026) u-san> u-say cf. Ta. cAyung-kAlam: evening

74. Su. us; Ak.damu: blood

Te. : Uyu(us): to spit; Kol. us-; Nk.us-; Pa.ucc-; Ca.us_: spittle Also Ta. uthir-am : blood

75. Su. usumgal; Ak. usumgallu: dragon, 116.

Compound formed with 'usum' and 'gal'. The 'gal' here is the protoform of Ta. kaL , kaN in the
sense 'great' 'multitude' etc and because of which is it simultaneously a plural marker and a
particle indicating greatness in social address. The 'usum' appears to be derived from'us' that
means 'poison' or the echoic 'us', the hissing sound. The word then really means somthing that
hisses or spits poison  i.e. a reptile of some kind. Note. Ta. utmpu: iguana; Ma. otumpu, Ka. uda,
udu; Kod. udumpi: Tu. udu, odu, oddu: large monitor lizard (DED 509)

76. Su. za-pa-ag : Ak. rigmu: sound, noice, the making of noise

Ta. capam,japam(> Sk. japa):  the recitation of prayer or mantra(W. 401); Ta. cepam: the
inaudible repetion of charms, magical incatations etc (W. 502) also note Te. & Ta. ceppu: to say

77. Su. zi ; Ak. napistu: life, living, being awake, alive etc

Ta. cIvan, jIvan (>Sk jIva); life, vitality, the vital principle; the sentiaent soul, a living being, an
animal etc (W.470)

Pronouns

78. Su. a-ba: who?
i. n-i- zu a-ba mu-un-zu?: who can understand what is yours

ii. a-ba i-te-en-te-en?: who can temper?

Ta. yAvan/evan: who(masc.sig), yAvaL/evaL (fem.sig)' yAvar/evar/yAr/Ar: who (neaut pl); Ka.
yA/A/, E-/e/ : interogative base (DED 4228)

79. Su. a-na: what?

ga-e a-na-me-en?: what am I, even I (92)

Ta. enna, ennai what? enai: why, what? (DED 4228)
 

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